| TOPICAL REVIEW — Multiferroicity and multicaloric effects |
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High-performance thermomagnetic generation in low-grade waste heat recovery |
| Haodong Chen(陈浩东)1, Hu Zhang(张虎)1,†, Mingze Liu(刘明泽)1, Kaiming Qiao(乔凯明)1, Lichen Wang(王利晨)2, Fengxia Hu(胡凤霞)3,‡, and Baogen Shen(沈保根)2,3,§ |
1 School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of Beijing, Beijing 100083, China;
2 Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, China;
3 Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China |
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Abstract Thermomagnetic generation (TMG), a heat-to-electricity conversion technology based on the thermomagnetic effect, offers high reliability and broad adaptability to diverse heat sources. By exploiting the temperature-dependent magnetization of thermomagnetic materials, TMG converts thermal energy into electrical energy through cyclic changes in magnetic flux based on Faraday's law. The performance of TMG systems is largely governed by the intrinsic properties of the working materials and the design of device architecture. Ideal TMG materials exhibit sharp and reversible magnetization transitions near the operating temperature, low thermal hysteresis, and high thermal conductivity. Device configurations can be broadly categorized into active and passive systems: active TMG devices rely on controlled thermal cycling and optimized magnetic circuits for enhanced output, whereas passive devices utilize self-actuated mechanical motion to generate electricity. In this topical review, we provide a comprehensive overview of recent advances in TMG materials and device configurations. Furthermore, we discuss future development trends and offer perspectives on experimental strategies to advance this field.
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Received: 02 September 2025
Revised: 10 October 2025
Accepted manuscript online: 11 October 2025
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PACS:
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72.15.Jf
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(Thermoelectric and thermomagnetic effects)
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75.30.Kz
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(Magnetic phase boundaries (including classical and quantum magnetic transitions, metamagnetism, etc.))
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77.65.-j
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(Piezoelectricity and electromechanical effects)
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| Fund: This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 52171169 and 52101210), the National Key Research and Development Program of China (Grant No. 2021YFB3501204), the State Key Laboratory for Advanced Metals and Materials (Grant No. 2023-ZD01), USTB Concept Verification Funding Project (Grant No. GNYZ-2024-6), Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (Grant No. FRF-TP-24-004A), USTB Research Center for International People-to-people Exchange in Science, Technology and Civilization (Grant Nos. 2024KFZD001 and 2024KFYB004). |
Corresponding Authors:
Hu Zhang, Fengxia Hu, Baogen Shen
E-mail: zhanghu@ustb.edu.cn;fxhu@iphy.ac.cn;shenbg@iphy.ac.cn
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Cite this article:
Haodong Chen(陈浩东), Hu Zhang(张虎), Mingze Liu(刘明泽), Kaiming Qiao(乔凯明), Lichen Wang(王利晨), Fengxia Hu(胡凤霞), and Baogen Shen(沈保根) High-performance thermomagnetic generation in low-grade waste heat recovery 2026 Chin. Phys. B 35 027201
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