Spin-orbit-coupled spin-1 Bose-Einstein condensates confined in radially periodic potential

doi:10.1088/1674-1056/abc53e

Abstract We investigate the ground states of spin-1 Bose-Einstein condensates (BECs) with spin-orbit coupling in a radially periodic potential by numerically solving the coupled Gross-Pitaevskii equations. In the radially periodic potential, we first demonstrate that spin-orbit-coupled antiferromagnetic BECs support a multiring petal phase. Polar-core vortex can be observed from phase profiles, which is manifested as circularly symmetric distribution. We further show that spin-orbit coupling can induce multiring soliton structure in ferromagnetic BECs. It is confirmed especially that the wave-function phase of the ring corresponding to uniform distribution satisfies the rotational symmetry, and the wave-function phase of the ring corresponding to partial splitting breaks the rotational symmetry. Adjusting the spin-orbit coupling strength can control the number of petal in antiferromagnetic BECs and the winding numbers of wave-function in ferromagnetic BECs. Finally, we discuss effects of spin-independent and spin-dependent interactions on the ground states.

Keywords: the spinor Bose-Einstein condensates spin-orbit coupling radially periodic potential

Received: 07 August 2020
Revised: 01 October 2020
Accepted manuscript online: 28 October 2020

PACS:	03.75.Lm	(Tunneling, Josephson effect, Bose-Einstein condensates in periodic potentials, solitons, vortices, and topological excitations)
	03.75.Mn	(Multicomponent condensates; spinor condensates)
	67.85.Fg	(Multicomponent condensates; spinor condensates)
	67.85.Hj	(Bose-Einstein condensates in optical potentials)

Fund: Project supported by the Scientific and Technologial Innovation Program of the Higher Education Institutions in Shanxi Province, China (Grant Nos. 2019L0813, 2019L0785, and 2019L0808).

Corresponding Authors: ^†Corresponding author. E-mail: tywlxdh@qq.com

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Ji Li(李吉), Tianchen He(何天琛), Jing Bai(白晶), Bin Liu(刘斌), and Huan-Yu Wang(王寰宇) Spin-orbit-coupled spin-1 Bose-Einstein condensates confined in radially periodic potential 2021 Chin. Phys. B 30 030302

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Spin-orbit-coupled spin-1 Bose-Einstein condensates confined in radially periodic potential

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