Please wait a minute...
Chinese Physics B
Chin. Phys. B, 2019, Vol. 28(10): 107105    DOI: 10.1088/1674-1056/ab425e
TOPICAL REVIEW—110th Anniversary of Lanzhou University Prev   Next  

A review of current research on spin currents and spin-orbit torques
Xiao-Yu Feng(冯晓玉), Qi-Han Zhang(张琪涵), Han-Wen Zhang(张瀚文), Yi Zhang(张祎), Rui Zhong(钟瑞), Bo-Wen Lu(卢博文), Jiang-Wei Cao(曹江伟), Xiao-Long Fan(范小龙)
The Key Laboratory for Magnetism and Magnetic Materials of Ministry of Education, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
Abstract  Spintronics is a new discipline focusing on the research and application of electronic spin properties. After the discovery of the giant magnetoresistance effect in 1988, spintronics has had a huge impact on scientific progress and related applications in the development of information technology. In recent decades, the main motivation in spintronics has been efficiently controlling local magnetization using electron flow or voltage rather than controlling the electron flow using magnetization. Using spin-orbit coupling in a material can convert a charge current into a pure spin current (a flow of spin momenta without a charge flow) and generate a spin-orbit torque on the adjacent ferromagnets. The ability of spintronic devices to utilize spin-orbit torques to manipulate the magnetization has resulted in large-scale developments such as magnetic random-access memories and has boosted the spintronic research area. Here in, we review the theoretical and experimental results that have established this subfield of spintronics. We introduce the concept of a pure spin current and spin-orbit torques within the experimental framework, and we review transport-, magnetization-dynamics-, and optical-based measurements and link then to both phenomenological and microscopic theories of the effect. The focus is on the related progress reported from Chinese universities and institutes, and we specifically highlight the contributions made by Chinese researchers.
Keywords:  spin-orbit coupling      pure spin current      spin-orbit torques      physical effects associated with spin current  
Received:  17 June 2019      Revised:  05 September 2019      Accepted manuscript online: 
PACS:  71.70.Ej (Spin-orbit coupling, Zeeman and Stark splitting, Jahn-Teller effect)  
  85.75.-d (Magnetoelectronics; spintronics: devices exploiting spin polarized transport or integrated magnetic fields)  
  72.25.Ba (Spin polarized transport in metals)  
  75.76.+j (Spin transport effects)  
Fund: Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 11674142, 51771099, 11429401, and 51471081) and the Program for Changjiang Scholars and Innovative Research Team in University, China (Grant No. IRT-16R35).
Corresponding Authors:  Xiao-Yu Feng, Xiao-Long Fan     E-mail:  fengxy15@lzu.edu.cn;fanxiaolong@lzu.edu.cn

Cite this article: 

Xiao-Yu Feng(冯晓玉), Qi-Han Zhang(张琪涵), Han-Wen Zhang(张瀚文), Yi Zhang(张祎), Rui Zhong(钟瑞), Bo-Wen Lu(卢博文), Jiang-Wei Cao(曹江伟), Xiao-Long Fan(范小龙) A review of current research on spin currents and spin-orbit torques 2019 Chin. Phys. B 28 107105

[34] Wunderlich J, Kaestner B, Sinova J and Jungwirth T 2005 Phys. Rev. Lett. 94 047204
[1] Wolf, S A, Awschalom D D, Buhrman R A, Daughton J M, von Molnár S, Roukes M L, Chtchelkanova A Y and Treger D M 2001 Science 294 1488
[35] Engel H A, Halperin B and Rashba E 2005 Phys. Rev. Lett. 95 166605
[2] Thomson W 1856 Proceedings of the Royal Society of London 8 546
[36] Chen C G, Tian D, Zhou H X, Hou D Z and Jin X F 2019 Phys. Rev. Lett. 122 016804
[3] McGuire T, Potter R L 1975 IEEE Trans. Magn. 11 1018
[37] Nakayama H, Ando K, Harii K, Yoshino T, Takahashi R, Kajiwara Y, Uchida K, Fujikawa Y, Saitoh and E 2012 Phys. Rev. B 85 144408
[4] Grünberg P, Schreiber R, Pang Y, Brodsky M B and Sowers H 1986 Phys. Rev. Lett. 57 2442
[5] Baibich M N, Broto J M, Fert A, Van Dau F N, Petroff F, Etienne P and Chazelas J 1988 Phys. Rev. Lett. 61 2472
[38] Berger L 1964 Physica (Utrecht) 30 1141
[6] Thompson S M 2008 J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys. 41 093001
[39] Uchida K, Takahashi S, Harii K, Ieda J, Koshibae W, Ando K, Maekawa S and Saitoh E 2008 Nature 455 778
[7] Dieny B, Speriosu V S, Parkin S S, Gurney B A, Wilhoit D R and Mauri D 1991 Phys. Rev. B 43 1297
[40] Jaworski C M, Yang J, Mack S, Awschalom D D, Heremans J P and Mährlein S 2010 Nat. Mater. 9 898
[8] Sato K and Saitoh E 2015 Spintronics For Next Generation Innovative Devices (Tokyo:Wiley) ISBN: 9781118751916
[41] Jaworski C M, Yang J, Mack S, Awschalom D D, Myers R C and Heremans J P 2011 Phys. Rev. Lett. 106 186601
[9] Julliere M 1975 Phys. Lett. A 54 225
[42] Bauer G E, Saitoh E and Van Wees B J 2012 Nat. Mater. 11 391
[10] Susaki T, Nakagawa N and Hwang H Y 2007 Phys. Rev. B 75 104409
[43] Ivchenko E L and Ganichev S D 2008 Spin Physics In Semiconductors (New York: Springer) p. 245
[11] Hauch J O, Fonin M, Fraune M, Turban P, Guerrero R, Aliev F G, Mayer J, Rüdiger U and Güntherodt G 2008 Appl. Phys. Lett. 93 083512
[44] Ganichev S D, Ivchenko E L, Bel'Kov V V, Tarasenko S A, Sollinger M, Weiss D, Wegscheider W and Prettl W 2002 Nature 417 153
[12] Freitas P P and Berger L 1985 J. Appl. Phys. 57 1266
[45] Ramaswamy R, Lee J M, Cai K and Yang H 2018 Appl. Phys. Rev. 5 031107
[13] Slonczewski J C 1996 J. Magn. Magn. Mater. 159 L1-L7
[46] Datta S, Das B 1990 Appl. Phys. Lett. 56 665
[14] Berger L 1996 Phys. Rev. B Condens. Matter 54 9353
[47] Song Q, Zhang H R, Su T, Yuan W, Chen Y Y, Xing W Y, Shi J, Sun J R and Han W 2017 Sci. Advances 3 e1602312
[15] Kawahara T, Ito K, Takemura R and Ohno H 2012 Microelectron. Reliab. 52 613
[48] Yao Q F, Cai J, Tong W Y, Gong S J, Wang J Q, Wan X G, Duan C G and Chu J H 2017 Phys. Rev. B 95 165401
[16] Liu L, Pai C F, Li Y, Tseng H W, Ralph D C and Buhrman R A 2012 Science 336 555
[49] Chernyshov A, Overby M, Liu X, Furdyna J K, Lyanda-Geller Y and Rokhinson L P 2009 Nat. Phys. 5 656
[17] Eisberg R M 1964 Fundamentals of Modern Physics (New York: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.)
[50] Montazeri M, Upadhyaya P, Onbasli M C, Yu G, Wong K L, Lang M, Fan Y B, Li X, Amiri P K, Schwartz R N, Ross C A and Wang K L 2015 Nat. Commun. 6 8958
[18] Winkler R 2015 Nat. Mater. 14 871
[51] Li Y C, Edmonds K W, Liu X H, Zheng H Z and Wang K Y 2019 Adv. Quantum Technol. 2 1800052
[19] Manchon A, Koo H C, Nitta J, Frolov S M and Duine R A 2015 Nat. Mater. 14 871
[52] Yang M Y, Cai K M, Ju H L, Edmonds K W, Yang G, Liu S, Li B H, Zhang B, Sheng Y, Wang S G, Ji Y and Wang K Y 2016 Sci. Reports 6 20778
[20] Han X F et al. 2014 Introduction to Spintronics (Beijing: Science Press)
[53] Miron I M, Garello K, Gaudin G, Zermatten P J, Costache M V, Auffret S, Bandiera S, Rodmacq B, Schuhl A and Gambardella P 2011 Nature 476 189
[21] Valenzuela S O and Tinkham M 2006 Nature 442 176
[22] Wu H, Wan C H, Zhang X, Yuan Z H, Zhang Q T, Qin J Y, Wei H X, Han X F and Zhang S 2016 Phys. Rev. B 93 060403
[54] Emori S, Bauer U, Ahn S M, Martinez E and Beach G S 2013 Nat. Mater. 12 611
[55] Jiao H J and Bauer G E W 2013 Phys. Rev. Lett. 110 217602
[23] Adachi H, Uchida K, Saitoh E and Maekawa S 2013 Rep. Prog. Phys. 76 036501
[56] Brataas A, Kent A D and Ohno H 2012 Nat. Mater. 11 372
[24] Dyakonov M I, Perel V I 1971 Phys. Lett. A 35 459
[57] Kajiwara Y, Harii K, Takahashi S, Ohe J, Uchida K, Mizuguchi M, Umezawa H, Kawai H, Ando K, Takanashi K, Maekawa S and Saitoh E 2010 Nature 464 262
[25] Mott N F 1929 Proc. R. Soc. A 124 425
[58] RojasS ánchez J C, Oyarzún S, Fu Y, Marty A, Vergnaud C, Gambarelli S, Vila L, Jamet M, Ohtsubo Y, Taleb-Ibrahimi A, Le Févre P, Bertran F, Reyren N, George J M and Fert A 2016 Phys. Rev. Lett. 116 096602
[26] Hirsch J E 1999 Phys. Rev. Lett. 83 1834
[59] Shiomi Y, Nomura K, Kajiwara Y, Eto K, Novak M, Segawa K, Ando Y and Saitoh E 2014 Phys. Rev. Lett. 113 196601
[27] Zhang S F 2000 Phys. Rev. Lett. 85 393
[28] Murakami S, Nagaosa N, Zhang S C 2003 Science 301 1348
[60] Zhang W, Jungfleisch M B, Jiang W, Pearson J E, Hoffmann A, Freimuth F and Mokrousov Y 2014 Phys. Rev. Lett. 113 196602
[29] Sinova J, Culcer D, Niu Q, Sinitsyn N A, Jungwirth T and MacDonald A H 2004 Phys. Rev. Lett. 92 126603
[61] Ando K, Takahashi S, Ieda J, Kajiwara Y, Nakayama Y, Yoshino T, Harii K, Fujikawa Y, Matsuo M, Maekawa S and Saitoh E 2011 Nat. Mater. 10 655
[30] Kato Y K, Myers R C, Gossard A C and Awschalom D D 2004 Science 306 1910
[62] Zhou H A, Fan X L, Ma L, Zhang Q H, Cui L, Zhou S M, Gui Y S, Hu C M and Xue D S 2016 Phys. Rev. B 94 134421
[31] Takahashi S and Maekawa S 2008 Sci. Technol. Adv. Mater. 9 014105
[63] Mizukami S, Ando Y and Miyazaki T 2001 J. Magn. Magn. Mater. 226--230 1640
[32] Sinova J, Valenzuela S O, Wunderlich J, Back C H and Jungwirth T 2015 Rev. Mod. Phys. 87 1213
[64] Mizukami S, Ando Y and Miyazaki T 2002 Phys. Rev. B 66 104413
[65] Ma X, Yu G Q, Tang C, Li X, He C L, Shi J, Wang K L and Li X Q 2018 Phys. Rev. Lett. 120 157204
[33] Smit J 1958 Phys. (Utrecht) 24 39
[66] Saitoh E, Ueda M, Miyajima H and Tatara G 2006 Appl. Phys. Lett. 88 182509
[34] Wunderlich J, Kaestner B, Sinova J and Jungwirth T 2005 Phys. Rev. Lett. 94 047204
[67] Feng Z, Hu J, Sun L, You B, Wu D, Du J, Zhang W, Hu A, Yang Y, Tang D M, Zhang B S and Ding H F 2012 Phys. Rev. B 85 214423
[35] Engel H A, Halperin B and Rashba E 2005 Phys. Rev. Lett. 95 166605
[68] Ma L, Zhou H A, Wang L, Fan X L, Fan W J, Xue D S, Xia K, Wang Z, Wu R Q, Guo G Y, Sun L, Wang X, Cheng X M and Zhou S M 2016 Adv. Electron. Mater. 1600112
[36] Chen C G, Tian D, Zhou H X, Hou D Z and Jin X F 2019 Phys. Rev. Lett. 122 016804
[69] Wei D, Obstbaum M, Ribow M, Back C H and Woltersdorf G 2014 Nat. Commun. 5 3768
[37] Nakayama H, Ando K, Harii K, Yoshino T, Takahashi R, Kajiwara Y, Uchida K, Fujikawa Y, Saitoh and E 2012 Phys. Rev. B 85 144408
[70] Bai L H, Feng Z, Hyde P, Ding H F and Hu C M 2013 Appl. Phys. Lett. 102 242402
[71] Bai L H, Hyde P, Gui Y S, Hu C M, Vlaminck V, Pearson J E, Bader S D and Hoffmann A 2013 Phys. Rev. Lett. 111 217602
[38] Berger L 1964 Physica (Utrecht) 30 1141
[72] Jungfleisch M B, Zhang W, Sklenar J, Ding J, Jiang W, Chang H, Fradin F Y, Pearson J E, Ketterson J B, Novosad V, Wu M and Hoffmann A 2016 Phys. Rev. Lett. 116 057601
[39] Uchida K, Takahashi S, Harii K, Ieda J, Koshibae W, Ando K, Maekawa S and Saitoh E 2008 Nature 455 778
[73] Jungfleisch M B, Chumak A V, Kehlberger A, Lauer V, Kim D H, Onbasli M C, Ross C A, Kl a ui M and Hillebrands B 2015 Phys. Rev. B 91 134407
[40] Jaworski C M, Yang J, Mack S, Awschalom D D, Heremans J P and Mährlein S 2010 Nat. Mater. 9 898
[74] Lustikova J, Shiomi Y, Handa Y and Saitoh E 2015 Appl. Phys. 117 073901
[41] Jaworski C M, Yang J, Mack S, Awschalom D D, Myers R C and Heremans J P 2011 Phys. Rev. Lett. 106 186601
[75] Wismayer M P, Southern B W, Fan X L, Gui Y S, Hu C M and Camley R E 2012 Phys. Rev. B 85 064411
[42] Bauer G E, Saitoh E and Van Wees B J 2012 Nat. Mater. 11 391
[76] Gui Y S, Wirthmann A and Hu C M 2009 Phys. Rev. B 80 184422
[43] Ivchenko E L and Ganichev S D 2008 Spin Physics In Semiconductors (New York: Springer) p. 245
[77] Gui Y S, Wirthmann A, Mecking N and Hu C M 2009 Phys. Rev. B 80 060402(R)
[44] Ganichev S D, Ivchenko E L, Bel'Kov V V, Tarasenko S A, Sollinger M, Weiss D, Wegscheider W and Prettl W 2002 Nature 417 153
[78] Zhou H A, Fan X L, Ma L, Cui L, Jia C L, Zhou S M, Gui Y S, Hu C M and Xue D S 2016 Appl. Phys. Lett. 108 192408
[45] Ramaswamy R, Lee J M, Cai K and Yang H 2018 Appl. Phys. Rev. 5 031107
[79] Tao X D, Liu Q, Miao B F, Yu R, Feng Z, Sun L, You B, Du J, Chen K, Zhang S F, Zhang L, Yuan Z, Wu D and Ding H F 2018 Sci. Adv. 4 eaat1670
[46] Datta S, Das B 1990 Appl. Phys. Lett. 56 665
[80] Wang P, Zhou L F, Jiang S W, Luan Z Z, Shu D J, Ding H F and Wu D 2018 Phys. Rev. Lett. 120 047201
[47] Song Q, Zhang H R, Su T, Yuan W, Chen Y Y, Xing W Y, Shi J, Sun J R and Han W 2017 Sci. Advances 3 e1602312
[81] Liu L, Moriyama T, Ralph D C and Buhrman R A 2011 Phys. Rev. Lett. 106 036601
[48] Yao Q F, Cai J, Tong W Y, Gong S J, Wang J Q, Wan X G, Duan C G and Chu J H 2017 Phys. Rev. B 95 165401
[82] Zhang W, Han W, Jiang X, Yang S H and Parkin S S 2015 Nat. Phys. 11 496
[49] Chernyshov A, Overby M, Liu X, Furdyna J K, Lyanda-Geller Y and Rokhinson L P 2009 Nat. Phys. 5 656
[83] Okada A, Kanai S, Yamanouchi M, Ikeda S, Matsukura F and Ohno H 2014 Appl. Phys. Lett. 105 052415
[50] Montazeri M, Upadhyaya P, Onbasli M C, Yu G, Wong K L, Lang M, Fan Y B, Li X, Amiri P K, Schwartz R N, Ross C A and Wang K L 2015 Nat. Commun. 6 8958
[84] Iihama S, Mizukami S, Naganuma H, Oogane M, Ando Y and Miyazaki T 2014 Phys. Rev. B 89 174416
[51] Li Y C, Edmonds K W, Liu X H, Zheng H Z and Wang K Y 2019 Adv. Quantum Technol. 2 1800052
[85] Kong W W, Fan X L, Zhou H A, Cao J W, Guo D W, Gui Y S, Hu C M and Xue D S 2016 Appl. Phys. Lett. 109 182406
[52] Yang M Y, Cai K M, Ju H L, Edmonds K W, Yang G, Liu S, Li B H, Zhang B, Sheng Y, Wang S G, Ji Y and Wang K Y 2016 Sci. Reports 6 20778
[86] Chen Y T, Takahashi S, Nakayama H, Althammer M, Goennenwein S T, Saitoh E and Bauer G E 2013 Phys. Rev. B 87 144411
[53] Miron I M, Garello K, Gaudin G, Zermatten P J, Costache M V, Auffret S, Bandiera S, Rodmacq B, Schuhl A and Gambardella P 2011 Nature 476 189
[87] Nakayama H, Althammer M, Chen Y T, Uchida K, Kajiwara Y, Kikuchi D, Ohtani T, Gepr a gs S, Opel M, Takahashi S, Gross R, Bauer G E W, Goennenwein S T B and Saitoh E 2013 Phys. Rev. Lett. 110 206601
[54] Emori S, Bauer U, Ahn S M, Martinez E and Beach G S 2013 Nat. Mater. 12 611
[88] Chen L, Matsukura F and Ohno H 2013 Nat. Commun. 4 2055
[89] Althammer M, Meyer S, Nakayama H, Schreier M, Altmannshofer S, Weiler M, Huebl H, Geprägs S, Opel M, Gross R, Meier M, Klewe C, Kuschel T, Schmalhorst J M, Reiss G, Shen L, Gupta A, Chen Y T, Bauer E W, Saitoh E, Sebastian T B G and Meier D 2013 Phys. Rev. B 87 224401
[55] Jiao H J and Bauer G E W 2013 Phys. Rev. Lett. 110 217602
[90] Huang S Y, Fan X, Qu D, Chen Y P, Wang W G, Wu J, Chen T Y, Xiao J Q and Chien C L 2012 Phys. Rev. Lett. 109 107204
[56] Brataas A, Kent A D and Ohno H 2012 Nat. Mater. 11 372
[91] Wang P, Jiang S W, Luan Z Z, Zhou L F, Ding H F, Zhou Y, Tao X D and Wu D 2016 Appl. Phys. Lett. 109 112406
[57] Kajiwara Y, Harii K, Takahashi S, Ohe J, Uchida K, Mizuguchi M, Umezawa H, Kawai H, Ando K, Takanashi K, Maekawa S and Saitoh E 2010 Nature 464 262
[92] Castel V, Vlietstra N, Ben J, Youssef and van Wees B J 2012 Appl. Phys. Lett. 101 132414
[58] RojasS ánchez J C, Oyarzún S, Fu Y, Marty A, Vergnaud C, Gambarelli S, Vila L, Jamet M, Ohtsubo Y, Taleb-Ibrahimi A, Le Févre P, Bertran F, Reyren N, George J M and Fert A 2016 Phys. Rev. Lett. 116 096602
[93] Zhang Q H, Fan X L, Zhou H A, Kong W W, Zhou S M, Gui Y S, Hu C M and Xue D S 2018 Appl. Phys. Lett. 112 092406
[59] Shiomi Y, Nomura K, Kajiwara Y, Eto K, Novak M, Segawa K, Ando Y and Saitoh E 2014 Phys. Rev. Lett. 113 196601
[94] Grigoryan V L, Guo W, Bauer G E and Xiao J 2014 Phys. Rev. B 90 161412
[60] Zhang W, Jungfleisch M B, Jiang W, Pearson J E, Hoffmann A, Freimuth F and Mokrousov Y 2014 Phys. Rev. Lett. 113 196602
[95] Zhou L F, Song H K, Liu K, Luan Z Z, Wang P, Sun L, Jiang S W, Xiang H J, Chen Y B, Du J, Ding H F, Xia K, Xiao J and Wu D 2018 Sci. Advances 4 eaao3318
[61] Ando K, Takahashi S, Ieda J, Kajiwara Y, Nakayama Y, Yoshino T, Harii K, Fujikawa Y, Matsuo M, Maekawa S and Saitoh E 2011 Nat. Mater. 10 655
[96] Van Herwaarden A W and Sarro P M 1986 Sens. Actuators 10 321
[62] Zhou H A, Fan X L, Ma L, Zhang Q H, Cui L, Zhou S M, Gui Y S, Hu C M and Xue D S 2016 Phys. Rev. B 94 134421
[97] Xiao J, Bauer G E, Uchida K C, Saitoh E and Maekawa S 2010 Phys. Rev. B 81 214418
[63] Mizukami S, Ando Y and Miyazaki T 2001 J. Magn. Magn. Mater. 226--230 1640
[98] Uchida K, Xiao, J, Adachi, H, Ohe, J I, Takahashi, S, Ieda, J, Ota T, Kajiwara Y, Umezawa H, Kawai H, Bauer G E W, Maekawa S and Saitoh E 2010 Nat. Mater. 9 894
[64] Mizukami S, Ando Y and Miyazaki T 2002 Phys. Rev. B 66 104413
[99] Fu H H, Wu D D, Gu L, Wu M and Wu R 2015 Phys. Rev. B 92 045418
[65] Ma X, Yu G Q, Tang C, Li X, He C L, Shi J, Wang K L and Li X Q 2018 Phys. Rev. Lett. 120 157204
[100] Wu H, Huang L, Fang C, Yang B S, Wan C H, Yu G Q, Feng J F, Wei H X and Han X F 2018 Phys. Rev. Lett. 120 097205
[66] Saitoh E, Ueda M, Miyajima H and Tatara G 2006 Appl. Phys. Lett. 88 182509
[101] Miao B F, Huang S Y, Qu D and Chien C L 2013 Phys. Rev. Lett. 111 066602
[67] Feng Z, Hu J, Sun L, You B, Wu D, Du J, Zhang W, Hu A, Yang Y, Tang D M, Zhang B S and Ding H F 2012 Phys. Rev. B 85 214423
[102] Ando K, Morikawa M, Trypiniotis T, Fujikawa Y, Barnes C H W and Saitoh E 2010 Appl. Phys. Lett. 96 082502
[68] Ma L, Zhou H A, Wang L, Fan X L, Fan W J, Xue D S, Xia K, Wang Z, Wu R Q, Guo G Y, Sun L, Wang X, Cheng X M and Zhou S M 2016 Adv. Electron. Mater. 1600112
[103] Garello K, Miron I M, Avci C O, Freimuth F, Mokrousov Y, Blügel S, Auffret S, Boulle O, Gaudin G and Gambardella P 2013 Nat. Nanotechnol. 8 587
[69] Wei D, Obstbaum M, Ribow M, Back C H and Woltersdorf G 2014 Nat. Commun. 5 3768
[104] Wang H L, Du C H, Pu Y, Adur R, Hammel P C and Yang F Y 2014 Phys. Rev. Lett. 112 197201
[70] Bai L H, Feng Z, Hyde P, Ding H F and Hu C M 2013 Appl. Phys. Lett. 102 242402
[105] Fiori G, Bonaccorso F, Iannaccone G, Palacios T, Neumaier D, Seabaugh A, Banerjee S K and Colombo L 2014 Nat. Nanotechnol. 9 768
[71] Bai L H, Hyde P, Gui Y S, Hu C M, Vlaminck V, Pearson J E, Bader S D and Hoffmann A 2013 Phys. Rev. Lett. 111 217602
[106] Pai C F, Ou Y X, Vilela-Leao L H, Ralph D C and Buhrman R A 2015 Phys. Rev. B 92 064426
[72] Jungfleisch M B, Zhang W, Sklenar J, Ding J, Jiang W, Chang H, Fradin F Y, Pearson J E, Ketterson J B, Novosad V, Wu M and Hoffmann A 2016 Phys. Rev. Lett. 116 057601
[107] Qiu X P, Legr, W, He P, Wu Y, Yu J W, Ramaswamy R, Manchon A and Yang H 2016 Phys. Rev. Lett. 117 217206
[73] Jungfleisch M B, Chumak A V, Kehlberger A, Lauer V, Kim D H, Onbasli M C, Ross C A, Kl a ui M and Hillebrands B 2015 Phys. Rev. B 91 134407
[108] Yun J J, Li D, Cui B S, Guo X B, Wu K, Zhang X, Wang Y P, Zuo Y L and Xi L 2017 J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys. 50 395001
[74] Lustikova J, Shiomi Y, Handa Y and Saitoh E 2015 Appl. Phys. 117 073901
[109] Li D, Cui B S, Wang T, Yun J J, Guo X B, Wu K, Zuo Y L, Yang D Z and Xi L 2017 Appl. Phys. Lett. 110 132407
[75] Wismayer M P, Southern B W, Fan X L, Gui Y S, Hu C M and Camley R E 2012 Phys. Rev. B 85 064411
[110] Yun J J, Zuo Y L, Mao J, Chen M X, Zhang S X, Liu J and Xi L 2019 Appl. Phys. Lett. 115 032404
[76] Gui Y S, Wirthmann A and Hu C M 2009 Phys. Rev. B 80 184422
[111] Yu G Q, Upadhyaya P, Fan Y, Alzate J G, Jiang W J, Wong K L, Takei S, Bender S A, Chang L T, Jiang Y, Wang Y, Tserkovnyak Y, Amiri P K and Wang K L 2014 Nat. Nanotechnol. 9 548
[77] Gui Y S, Wirthmann A, Mecking N and Hu C M 2009 Phys. Rev. B 80 060402(R)
[112] Fukami S, Zhang C, DuttaGupta, S, Kurenkov A and Ohno H 2016 Nat. Mater. 15 535
[78] Zhou H A, Fan X L, Ma L, Cui L, Jia C L, Zhou S M, Gui Y S, Hu C M and Xue D S 2016 Appl. Phys. Lett. 108 192408
[113] Cai K M, Yang M Y, Ju H L, Wang S M, Ji Y, Li B H, Edmonds K W, Sheng Y, Zhang Bao, Zhang N, Liu S, Zheng H Z and Wang K Y 2017 Nat. Mater. 16 712
[79] Tao X D, Liu Q, Miao B F, Yu R, Feng Z, Sun L, You B, Du J, Chen K, Zhang S F, Zhang L, Yuan Z, Wu D and Ding H F 2018 Sci. Adv. 4 eaat1670
[80] Wang P, Zhou L F, Jiang S W, Luan Z Z, Shu D J, Ding H F and Wu D 2018 Phys. Rev. Lett. 120 047201
[114] Kong W J, Wan C H, Wang X, Tao B S, Huang L, Fang C, Guo C Y, Guang Y, Irfan M and Han X F 2019 Nat. Commun. 10 233
[81] Liu L, Moriyama T, Ralph D C and Buhrman R A 2011 Phys. Rev. Lett. 106 036601
[115] Lee O J, Liu L Q, Pai C F, Li Y, Tseng H W, Gowtham P G, Park J P, Ralph D C and Buhrman R A 2014 Phys. Rev. B 89 024418
[82] Zhang W, Han W, Jiang X, Yang S H and Parkin S S 2015 Nat. Phys. 11 496
[116] Cao J W, Chen Y F, Jin T L, Gan W L, Wang Y, Zheng Y Q, Lv H, Cardoso S, Wei D and Lew W S 2018 Sci. Rep. 8 1355
[83] Okada A, Kanai S, Yamanouchi M, Ikeda S, Matsukura F and Ohno H 2014 Appl. Phys. Lett. 105 052415
[117] Parkin S S P, Hayashi M and Thomas L 2008 Science 320 190
[84] Iihama S, Mizukami S, Naganuma H, Oogane M, Ando Y and Miyazaki T 2014 Phys. Rev. B 89 174416
[118] Li D, Cui B S, Yun J J, Chen M Z, Guo X B, Wu K, Zhang X, Wang Y P, Mao J, Zuo Y L, Wang J B and Xi L 2018 Nanoscale Res. Lett. 13 238
[85] Kong W W, Fan X L, Zhou H A, Cao J W, Guo D W, Gui Y S, Hu C M and Xue D S 2016 Appl. Phys. Lett. 109 182406
[119] Zhang Y, Luo S, Yang X and Yang C 2017 Sci. Rep. 7 2047
[86] Chen Y T, Takahashi S, Nakayama H, Althammer M, Goennenwein S T, Saitoh E and Bauer G E 2013 Phys. Rev. B 87 144411
[120] Zhang S F, Wang J B, Zheng Q, Zhu Q Y, Liu X Y, Chen S J, Jin C D, Liu Q F, Jia C L and Xue D S 2015 New J. Phys. 17 023061
[87] Nakayama H, Althammer M, Chen Y T, Uchida K, Kajiwara Y, Kikuchi D, Ohtani T, Gepr a gs S, Opel M, Takahashi S, Gross R, Bauer G E W, Goennenwein S T B and Saitoh E 2013 Phys. Rev. Lett. 110 206601
[121] Jiang W J, Upadhyaya P, Zhang W, Yu G Q, Jungfleisch M B, Fradin F Y, Pearson J E, Tserkovnyak Y, Wang K L, Heinonen O, te Velthuis S G E and Hoffmann A 2015 Science 349 283
[88] Chen L, Matsukura F and Ohno H 2013 Nat. Commun. 4 2055
[122] Jiang W, Chen G, Liu K, Zang J, te Velthuis S G and Hoffmann A 2017 Phys. Rep. 704 1
[89] Althammer M, Meyer S, Nakayama H, Schreier M, Altmannshofer S, Weiler M, Huebl H, Geprägs S, Opel M, Gross R, Meier M, Klewe C, Kuschel T, Schmalhorst J M, Reiss G, Shen L, Gupta A, Chen Y T, Bauer E W, Saitoh E, Sebastian T B G and Meier D 2013 Phys. Rev. B 87 224401
[123] Li W J, Guang Y, Yu G Q, Wan C H, Feng J F and Han X F 2018 Acta Phys. Sin. 67 131204 (in Chinese)
[90] Huang S Y, Fan X, Qu D, Chen Y P, Wang W G, Wu J, Chen T Y, Xiao J Q and Chien C L 2012 Phys. Rev. Lett. 109 107204
[124] Nagaosa N and Tokura Y 2013 Nat. Nanotechnol. 8 899
[91] Wang P, Jiang S W, Luan Z Z, Zhou L F, Ding H F, Zhou Y, Tao X D and Wu D 2016 Appl. Phys. Lett. 109 112406
[125] Song C K, Jin C D, Wang J S, Xia H Y, Wang J B and Liu Q F 2017 Appl. Phys. Lett. 111 192413
[92] Castel V, Vlietstra N, Ben J, Youssef and van Wees B J 2012 Appl. Phys. Lett. 101 132414
[126] Zhang S L, van der Laan G, Wang W W, Haghighirad A A and Hesjedal T 2018 Phys. Rev. Lett. 120 227202
[93] Zhang Q H, Fan X L, Zhou H A, Kong W W, Zhou S M, Gui Y S, Hu C M and Xue D S 2018 Appl. Phys. Lett. 112 092406
[127] Zhang S L, van der Laan G, Müller J, Heinen L, Garst M, Bauer A, Bergerf H, Pfleiderere C and Hesjedala T 2018 Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 115 6386
[94] Grigoryan V L, Guo W, Bauer G E and Xiao J 2014 Phys. Rev. B 90 161412
[128] Jin C D, Zhang C L, Song C K, Wang J S, Xia H Y, Ma Y X, Wang J N, Wei Y R, Wang J B and Liu Q F 2019 Appl. Phys. Lett. 114 192401
[95] Zhou L F, Song H K, Liu K, Luan Z Z, Wang P, Sun L, Jiang S W, Xiang H J, Chen Y B, Du J, Ding H F, Xia K, Xiao J and Wu D 2018 Sci. Advances 4 eaao3318
[96] Van Herwaarden A W and Sarro P M 1986 Sens. Actuators 10 321
[129] Wadley P, Howells B, Železný J, Andrews C, Hills V, Campion R P, Novák V, Olejníik K, Maccherozzi F, Dhesi S S, Martin S Y, Wagner T, Wunderlich J, Freimuth F, Mokrousov Y, Kuneš J, Chauhan J S, Grzybowski M J, Rushforth A W, Edmonds K W, Gallagher B L and Jungwirth T 2016 Science 351 587
[97] Xiao J, Bauer G E, Uchida K C, Saitoh E and Maekawa S 2010 Phys. Rev. B 81 214418
[130] Baltz V, Manchon A, Tsoi M, Moriyama T, Ono T and Tserkovnyak Y 2018 Rev. Mod. Phys. 90 015005
[98] Uchida K, Xiao, J, Adachi, H, Ohe, J I, Takahashi, S, Ieda, J, Ota T, Kajiwara Y, Umezawa H, Kawai H, Bauer G E W, Maekawa S and Saitoh E 2010 Nat. Mater. 9 894
[131] Zhou X F, Zhang J, Li F, Chen X Z, Shi G Y, Tan Y Z, Gu Y D, Saleem M S, Wu H, Pan F and Song C 2019 Phys. Rev. Appl. 9 054028
[99] Fu H H, Wu D D, Gu L, Wu M and Wu R 2015 Phys. Rev. B 92 045418
[132] Chen X Z, Zhou X F, Cheng R, Song C, Zhang J, Wu Y C, Bao Y, Li H B, Sun Y M, You Y F, Zhao Y G and Pan F 2019 Nat. Mater. 18 931
[100] Wu H, Huang L, Fang C, Yang B S, Wan C H, Yu G Q, Feng J F, Wei H X and Han X F 2018 Phys. Rev. Lett. 120 097205
[133] Jin C D, Song C K, Wang J B and Liu Q F 2016 Appl. Phys. Lett. 109 182404
[101] Miao B F, Huang S Y, Qu D and Chien C L 2013 Phys. Rev. Lett. 111 066602
[102] Ando K, Morikawa M, Trypiniotis T, Fujikawa Y, Barnes C H W and Saitoh E 2010 Appl. Phys. Lett. 96 082502
[103] Garello K, Miron I M, Avci C O, Freimuth F, Mokrousov Y, Blügel S, Auffret S, Boulle O, Gaudin G and Gambardella P 2013 Nat. Nanotechnol. 8 587
[104] Wang H L, Du C H, Pu Y, Adur R, Hammel P C and Yang F Y 2014 Phys. Rev. Lett. 112 197201
[105] Fiori G, Bonaccorso F, Iannaccone G, Palacios T, Neumaier D, Seabaugh A, Banerjee S K and Colombo L 2014 Nat. Nanotechnol. 9 768
[106] Pai C F, Ou Y X, Vilela-Leao L H, Ralph D C and Buhrman R A 2015 Phys. Rev. B 92 064426
[107] Qiu X P, Legr, W, He P, Wu Y, Yu J W, Ramaswamy R, Manchon A and Yang H 2016 Phys. Rev. Lett. 117 217206
[108] Yun J J, Li D, Cui B S, Guo X B, Wu K, Zhang X, Wang Y P, Zuo Y L and Xi L 2017 J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys. 50 395001
[109] Li D, Cui B S, Wang T, Yun J J, Guo X B, Wu K, Zuo Y L, Yang D Z and Xi L 2017 Appl. Phys. Lett. 110 132407
[110] Yun J J, Zuo Y L, Mao J, Chen M X, Zhang S X, Liu J and Xi L 2019 Appl. Phys. Lett. 115 032404
[111] Yu G Q, Upadhyaya P, Fan Y, Alzate J G, Jiang W J, Wong K L, Takei S, Bender S A, Chang L T, Jiang Y, Wang Y, Tserkovnyak Y, Amiri P K and Wang K L 2014 Nat. Nanotechnol. 9 548
[112] Fukami S, Zhang C, DuttaGupta, S, Kurenkov A and Ohno H 2016 Nat. Mater. 15 535
[113] Cai K M, Yang M Y, Ju H L, Wang S M, Ji Y, Li B H, Edmonds K W, Sheng Y, Zhang Bao, Zhang N, Liu S, Zheng H Z and Wang K Y 2017 Nat. Mater. 16 712
[114] Kong W J, Wan C H, Wang X, Tao B S, Huang L, Fang C, Guo C Y, Guang Y, Irfan M and Han X F 2019 Nat. Commun. 10 233
[115] Lee O J, Liu L Q, Pai C F, Li Y, Tseng H W, Gowtham P G, Park J P, Ralph D C and Buhrman R A 2014 Phys. Rev. B 89 024418
[116] Cao J W, Chen Y F, Jin T L, Gan W L, Wang Y, Zheng Y Q, Lv H, Cardoso S, Wei D and Lew W S 2018 Sci. Rep. 8 1355
[117] Parkin S S P, Hayashi M and Thomas L 2008 Science 320 190
[118] Li D, Cui B S, Yun J J, Chen M Z, Guo X B, Wu K, Zhang X, Wang Y P, Mao J, Zuo Y L, Wang J B and Xi L 2018 Nanoscale Res. Lett. 13 238
[119] Zhang Y, Luo S, Yang X and Yang C 2017 Sci. Rep. 7 2047
[120] Zhang S F, Wang J B, Zheng Q, Zhu Q Y, Liu X Y, Chen S J, Jin C D, Liu Q F, Jia C L and Xue D S 2015 New J. Phys. 17 023061
[121] Jiang W J, Upadhyaya P, Zhang W, Yu G Q, Jungfleisch M B, Fradin F Y, Pearson J E, Tserkovnyak Y, Wang K L, Heinonen O, te Velthuis S G E and Hoffmann A 2015 Science 349 283
[122] Jiang W, Chen G, Liu K, Zang J, te Velthuis S G and Hoffmann A 2017 Phys. Rep. 704 1
[123] Li W J, Guang Y, Yu G Q, Wan C H, Feng J F and Han X F 2018 Acta Phys. Sin. 67 131204 (in Chinese)
[124] Nagaosa N and Tokura Y 2013 Nat. Nanotechnol. 8 899
[125] Song C K, Jin C D, Wang J S, Xia H Y, Wang J B and Liu Q F 2017 Appl. Phys. Lett. 111 192413
[126] Zhang S L, van der Laan G, Wang W W, Haghighirad A A and Hesjedal T 2018 Phys. Rev. Lett. 120 227202
[127] Zhang S L, van der Laan G, Müller J, Heinen L, Garst M, Bauer A, Bergerf H, Pfleiderere C and Hesjedala T 2018 Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 115 6386
[128] Jin C D, Zhang C L, Song C K, Wang J S, Xia H Y, Ma Y X, Wang J N, Wei Y R, Wang J B and Liu Q F 2019 Appl. Phys. Lett. 114 192401
[129] Wadley P, Howells B, Železný J, Andrews C, Hills V, Campion R P, Novák V, Olejníik K, Maccherozzi F, Dhesi S S, Martin S Y, Wagner T, Wunderlich J, Freimuth F, Mokrousov Y, Kuneš J, Chauhan J S, Grzybowski M J, Rushforth A W, Edmonds K W, Gallagher B L and Jungwirth T 2016 Science 351 587
[130] Baltz V, Manchon A, Tsoi M, Moriyama T, Ono T and Tserkovnyak Y 2018 Rev. Mod. Phys. 90 015005
[131] Zhou X F, Zhang J, Li F, Chen X Z, Shi G Y, Tan Y Z, Gu Y D, Saleem M S, Wu H, Pan F and Song C 2019 Phys. Rev. Appl. 9 054028
[132] Chen X Z, Zhou X F, Cheng R, Song C, Zhang J, Wu Y C, Bao Y, Li H B, Sun Y M, You Y F, Zhao Y G and Pan F 2019 Nat. Mater. 18 931
[133] Jin C D, Song C K, Wang J B and Liu Q F 2016 Appl. Phys. Lett. 109 182404
[1] Coexistence of giant Rashba spin splitting and quantum spin Hall effect in H-Pb-F
Wenming Xue(薛文明), Jin Li(李金), Chaoyu He(何朝宇), Tao Ouyang(欧阳滔), Xiongying Dai(戴雄英), and Jianxin Zhong(钟建新). Chin. Phys. B, 2023, 32(3): 037101.
[2] Electrical manipulation of a hole ‘spin’-orbit qubit in nanowire quantum dot: The nontrivial magnetic field effects
Rui Li(李睿) and Hang Zhang(张航). Chin. Phys. B, 2023, 32(3): 030308.
[3] Majorana zero modes induced by skyrmion lattice
Dong-Yang Jing(靖东洋), Huan-Yu Wang(王寰宇), Wen-Xiang Guo(郭文祥), and Wu-Ming Liu(刘伍明). Chin. Phys. B, 2023, 32(1): 017401.
[4] Superconducting properties of the C15-type Laves phase ZrIr2 with an Ir-based kagome lattice
Qing-Song Yang(杨清松), Bin-Bin Ruan(阮彬彬), Meng-Hu Zhou(周孟虎), Ya-Dong Gu(谷亚东), Ming-Wei Ma(马明伟), Gen-Fu Chen(陈根富), and Zhi-An Ren(任治安). Chin. Phys. B, 2023, 32(1): 017402.
[5] Spin-orbit coupling adjusting topological superfluid of mass-imbalanced Fermi gas
Jian Feng(冯鉴), Wei-Wei Zhang(张伟伟), Liang-Wei Lin(林良伟), Qi-Peng Cai(蔡启鹏), Yi-Cai Zhang(张义财), Sheng-Can Ma(马胜灿), and Chao-Fei Liu(刘超飞). Chin. Phys. B, 2022, 31(9): 090305.
[6] Anderson localization of a spin-orbit coupled Bose-Einstein condensate in disorder potential
Huan Zhang(张欢), Sheng Liu(刘胜), and Yongsheng Zhang(张永生). Chin. Phys. B, 2022, 31(7): 070305.
[7] Influence of Rashba spin-orbit coupling on Josephson effect in triplet superconductor/two-dimensional semiconductor/triplet superconductor junctions
Bin-Hao Du(杜彬豪), Man-Ni Chen(陈嫚妮), and Liang-Bin Hu(胡梁宾). Chin. Phys. B, 2022, 31(7): 077201.
[8] Gap solitons of spin-orbit-coupled Bose-Einstein condensates in $\mathcal{PT}$ periodic potential
S Wang(王双), Y H Liu(刘元慧), and T F Xu(徐天赋). Chin. Phys. B, 2022, 31(7): 070306.
[9] Gate tunable Rashba spin-orbit coupling at CaZrO3/SrTiO3 heterointerface
Wei-Min Jiang(姜伟民), Qiang Zhao(赵强), Jing-Zhuo Ling(凌靖卓), Ting-Na Shao(邵婷娜), Zi-Tao Zhang(张子涛), Ming-Rui Liu(刘明睿), Chun-Li Yao(姚春丽), Yu-Jie Qiao(乔宇杰), Mei-Hui Chen(陈美慧), Xing-Yu Chen(陈星宇), Rui-Fen Dou(窦瑞芬), Chang-Min Xiong(熊昌民), and Jia-Cai Nie(聂家财). Chin. Phys. B, 2022, 31(6): 066801.
[10] Vortex chains induced by anisotropic spin-orbit coupling and magnetic field in spin-2 Bose-Einstein condensates
Hao Zhu(朱浩), Shou-Gen Yin(印寿根), and Wu-Ming Liu(刘伍明). Chin. Phys. B, 2022, 31(6): 060305.
[11] Asymmetric Fraunhofer pattern in Josephson junctions from heterodimensional superlattice V5S8
Juewen Fan(范珏雯), Bingyan Jiang(江丙炎), Jiaji Zhao(赵嘉佶), Ran Bi(毕然), Jiadong Zhou(周家东), Zheng Liu(刘政), Guang Yang(杨光), Jie Shen(沈洁), Fanming Qu(屈凡明), Li Lu(吕力), Ning Kang(康宁), and Xiaosong Wu(吴孝松). Chin. Phys. B, 2022, 31(5): 057402.
[12] Manipulating vortices in F=2 Bose-Einstein condensates through magnetic field and spin-orbit coupling
Hao Zhu(朱浩), Shou-Gen Yin(印寿根), and Wu-Ming Liu(刘伍明). Chin. Phys. B, 2022, 31(4): 040306.
[13] SU(3) spin-orbit coupled fermions in an optical lattice
Xiaofan Zhou(周晓凡), Gang Chen(陈刚), and Suo-Tang Jia(贾锁堂). Chin. Phys. B, 2022, 31(1): 017102.
[14] Spin and spin-orbit coupling effects in nickel-based superalloys: A first-principles study on Ni3Al doped with Ta/W/Re
Liping Liu(刘立平), Jin Cao(曹晋), Wei Guo(郭伟), and Chongyu Wang(王崇愚). Chin. Phys. B, 2022, 31(1): 016105.
[15] Highly accurate theoretical study on spectroscopic properties of SH including spin-orbit coupling
Shu-Tao Zhao(赵书涛), Xin-Peng Liu(刘鑫鹏), Rui Li(李瑞), Hui-Jie Guo(国慧杰), and Bing Yan(闫冰). Chin. Phys. B, 2021, 30(7): 073104.
No Suggested Reading articles found!
Authors
  • Submit an article
  • Manuscript tracking
  • Call for papers
  • Scope
  • Instruction for authors
  • Copyright agreement
  • Templates
  • PACS
  • Flow chart
  • Author FAQs
    • Referees
  • Review policy
  • Referee login
  • Referee FAQs
  • Editor in chief login
  • Editor login
  • Office login
    • Browse
  • In press
  • Current issue
  • Previous issues
  • Special topics
  • Author index
  • Highlights
  • Annual highlights
  • View by fields
  • Top downloaded
  • SCI top cited
    • About
  • About CPB
  • Editorial board
  • Editorial Board of Young Scientists
  • SCI IF
  • Staff
  • Contact us
    • Copyright © Editorial Office of Chinese Physics B, All Rights Reserved.
    • Tel: 010-82649026   Fax: 010-82649027   E-mail: cpb@aphy.iphy.ac.cn
    • Sponsored by Institute of Physics, CAS & Chinese Physical Society
      Collaborating with IOP Publishing, UK in distribution