Morphology-controlled preparation of tungsten oxide nanostructures for gas-sensing application

doi:10.1088/1674-1056/24/2/027304

Abstract A novel three-dimensional (3D) hierarchical structure and a roughly oriented one-dimensional (1D) nanowire of WO₃ are selectively prepared on an alumina substrate by an induced hydrothermal growth method. Each hierarchical structure is constructed hydrothermally through bilateral inductive growth of WO₃ nanowire arrays from a nanosheet preformed on the substrate. Only roughly oriented 1D WO₃ nanowire can be obtained from a spherical induction layer. The analyses show that as-prepared 1D nanowire and 3D hierarchical structures exhibit monoclinic and hexagonal phases of WO₃, respectively. The gas-sensing properties of the nanowires and the hierarchical structure of WO₃, which include the variations of their resistances and response times when exposed to NO₂, are investigated at temperatures ranging from room temperature (20 ℃) to 250 ℃ over 0.015 ppm-5 ppm NO₂. The hierarchical WO₃ behaves as a p-type semiconductor at room temperature, and shows p-to-n response characteristic reversal with the increase of temperature. Meanwhile, unlike the 1D nanowire, the hierarchical WO₃ exhibits an excellent response characteristic and very good reversibility and selectivity to NO₂ gas at room temperature due to its unique microstructure. Especially, it is found that the hierarchical WO₃-based sensor is capable of detecting NO₂ at a ppb level with ultrashort response time shorter than 5 s, indicating the potential of this material in developing a highly sensitive gas sensor with a low power consumption.

Keywords: tungsten oxide gas sensor hierarchical structure hydrothermal synthesis

Received: 16 June 2014
Revised: 11 September 2014
Accepted manuscript online:

PACS:	73.61.Cw	(Elemental semiconductors)
	07.07.Df	(Sensors (chemical, optical, electrical, movement, gas, etc.); remote sensing)
	81.07.Bc	(Nanocrystalline materials)
	91.67.Jk	(Geochemistry of hydrothermal systems)

Fund: Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 61274074 and 61271070) and the Natural Science Foundation of Tianjin, China (Grant No. 11JCZDJC15300).

Corresponding Authors: Qin Yu-Xiang
E-mail: qinyuxiang@tju.edu.cn

Cite this article:

Qin Yu-Xiang (秦玉香), Liu Chang-Yu (刘长雨), Liu Yang (柳杨) Morphology-controlled preparation of tungsten oxide nanostructures for gas-sensing application 2015 Chin. Phys. B 24 027304

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Morphology-controlled preparation of tungsten oxide nanostructures for gas-sensing application

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