1 College of Electronic and Optical Engineering, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing 210023, China; 2 School of Material Science and Engineering, Jiangxi University of Science and Technology, Ganzhou 341000, China; 3 State Key Laboratory of Transient Optics and Photonics, Xi'an Institute of Optics and Precision Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Xi'an 710119, China
Abstract Integrating the magneto-optical effect into a waveguide-based photonic device becomes more and more interesting. In the work, the planar optical waveguide firstly was prepared in a terbium gallium garnet crystal (TGG) via the proton implantation with the energy of 4 MeV and the fluence of 6 ions/μm. Subsequently, a femtosecond laser with a central wavelength of 800 nm and a power of 3 mW was used to ablate the surface of the planar waveguide, forming the ridge optical waveguide. The dark-mode curve of the planar waveguide was measured by a prism coupling technique. The top-view morphology of the ridge waveguide was observed via a Nikon microscope. The mode field distributions of the planar and ridge waveguides were obtained by an end-face coupling system, and the propagation losses of the two waveguides were measured to be 2.26 dB/cm and 2.58 dB/cm, respectively. The Verdet constants were measured to be /Tcm for the TGG substrate and /Tcm for the ridge waveguide. The TGG waveguides have a potential in the fabrication of magneto-optical waveguide devices.
Fund: Project supported by the Postgraduate Research and Innovation Program of Jiangsu Province, China (Grant No. KYCX24_1133), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 11405041), the Key Research and Development Program of Jiangxi Province, China (Grant No. 20223BBE51020), and the Opening Fund of Key Laboratory of Rare Earths (Chinese Academy of Sciences).
Corresponding Authors:
Chun-Xiao Liu
E-mail: chunxiaoliu@njupt.edu.cn
Cite this article:
Chun-Xiao Liu(刘春晓), Zi-Hao Wang(王子昊), Bei-Er Guo(郭贝尔), Rui Yuan(袁睿), Yi-Fan Wang(王逸凡), Yu-Hang Zhou(周雨航), Jia-Bin Sun(孙家彬), Liao-Lin Zhang(张料林), and Hai-Tao Guo(郭海涛) Guiding and magneto-optical properties of TGG waveguide by proton implantation combined with femtosecond laser ablation 2025 Chin. Phys. B 34 054207
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