Growth, characterization, and Raman spectra of the 1T phases of TiTe2, TiSe2, and TiS2

doi:10.1088/1674-1056/ac306a

Abstract High-quality large 1$T$ phase of Ti$X_2$ ($X ={\rm Te}$, Se, and S) single crystals have been grown by chemical vapor transport using iodine as a transport agent. The samples are characterized by compositional and structural analyses, and their properties are investigated by Raman spectroscopy. Several phonon modes have been observed, including the widely reported $A_{1g}$ and $E_g$ modes, the rarely reported $E_u$ mode ($\sim$183 cm$^{-1}$ for TiTe$_2$, and $\sim$185 cm$^{-1}$ for TiS$_2$), and even the unexpected $K$ mode ($\sim$85 cm$^{-1}$) of TiTe$_2$. Most phonons harden with the decrease of temperature, except that the $K$ mode of TiTe$_2$ and the $E_u$ and "$A_{2u}$/Sh" modes of TiS$_2$ soften with the decrease of temperature. In addition, we also found phonon changes in TiSe$_2$ that may be related to charge density wave phase transition. Our results on Ti$X_2$ phonons will help to understand their charge density wave and superconductivity.

Keywords: transition-metal dichalcogenides chemical vapor transport Raman phonon

Received: 20 August 2021
Revised: 11 October 2021
Accepted manuscript online: 18 October 2021

PACS:	71.45.Lr	(Charge-density-wave systems)
	63.20.D-	(Phonon states and bands, normal modes, and phonon dispersion)
	81.10.Bk	(Growth from vapor)

Fund: Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 12074436 and U1930116) and the Innovation-driven Plan in Central South University (Grant No. 2016CXS032).

Corresponding Authors: Shuang-Xing Zhu, Jian-Qiao Meng
E-mail: 182211030@csu.edu.cn;jqmeng@csu.edu.cn

Cite this article:

Xiao-Fang Tang(唐筱芳), Shuang-Xing Zhu(朱双兴), Hao Liu(刘豪), Chen Zhang(章晨), Qi-Yi Wu(吴旗仪), Zi-Teng Liu(刘子腾), Jiao-Jiao Song(宋姣姣), Xiao Guo(郭晓), Yong-Song Wang(王永松), He Ma(马赫), Yin-Zou Zhao(赵尹陬), Fan-Ying Wu(邬钒颖), Shu-Yu Liu(刘姝妤), Kai-Hui Liu(刘开辉), Ya-Hua Yuan(袁亚华), Han Huang(黄寒), Jun He(何军), Wen Xu(徐文), Hai-Yun Liu(刘海云), Yu-Xia Duan(段玉霞), and Jian-Qiao Meng(孟建桥) Growth, characterization, and Raman spectra of the 1T phases of TiTe₂, TiSe₂, and TiS₂ 2022 Chin. Phys. B 31 037103

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Growth, characterization, and Raman spectra of the 1T phases of TiTe2, TiSe2, and TiS2

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Growth, characterization, and Raman spectra of the 1T phases of TiTe₂, TiSe₂, and TiS₂