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Special Issue:
SPECIAL TOPIC — Ultrafast physics in atomic, molecular and optical systems
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| SPECIAL TOPIC — Ultrafast physics in atomic, molecular and optical systems |
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Characterization of cold atoms based on photoionization momentum spectra |
| Zhixian Wu(吴志贤)1, Shushu Ruan(阮舒舒)2, Zhenjie Shen(沈镇捷)1,†, Jie Liu(刘杰)2, Xinglong Yu(余兴龙)2, Lifeng Chen(陈利丰)1, Bing Zhu(朱兵)3, Xincheng Wang(王新成)1, and Yuhai Jiang(江玉海)1,2,4,‡ |
1 Center for Transformative Science and School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China;
2 Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201210, China;
3 HSBC Laboratory, Guangzhou 510510, China;
4 School of Physics, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, China |
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Abstract We propose a method to characterize the features of a cold strontium cloud in a magneto-optical trap (MOT) through the photoionization of cold Sr atoms in a custom-designed reaction microscope. Sr atoms in the dark state of $\mathrm{5s5p \, ^3P_2}$ populated via the cascade transition $\mathrm{5s5p \, ^1P_1 \rightarrow 5s4d \, ^1D_2 \rightarrow 5s5p \, ^3P_2}$ accumulate a significant fraction, giving a long lifetime of 520 s. These atoms in the dark state are subsequently trapped by the gradient magnetic field of the MOT. By scanning the Sr$^+$ momentum distributions ionized with an 800 nm infrared femtosecond laser, we are able to outline the size of $\sim0.55$ mm in radius and the temperature of $\sim0.40$ mK for the dark-state atoms, which is significantly cooler than the MOT temperature of 3.3 mK trapped in the 461 nm. The size of MOT exhibits an oblate spheroidal distribution with a radius of approximately 0.35 mm and 0.55 mm, extracted with momenta of photoion and absorption imaging, respectively. The results using the photoion momenta are consistent with the expected results from absorption imaging, which confirms the method's reliability. The advantage of this method is the ability to simultaneously characterize the distribution information of atoms in different initial states within the cold atomic cloud.
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Received: 13 March 2025
Revised: 18 April 2025
Accepted manuscript online: 24 April 2025
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PACS:
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32.80.Rm
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(Multiphoton ionization and excitation to highly excited states)
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37.10.De
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(Atom cooling methods)
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| Fund: Project supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Henan (Grant No. 252300421304), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 12204498, 12474259, and 12334011), and the National Key Research and Development Program of China (Grant No. 2022YFA1604302). |
Corresponding Authors:
Zhenjie Shen, Yuhai Jiang
E-mail: shenzhj2@shanghaitech.edu.cn;jiangyh3@shanghaitech.edu.cn
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Cite this article:
Zhixian Wu(吴志贤), Shushu Ruan(阮舒舒), Zhenjie Shen(沈镇捷), Jie Liu(刘杰), Xinglong Yu(余兴龙), Lifeng Chen(陈利丰), Bing Zhu(朱兵), Xincheng Wang(王新成), and Yuhai Jiang(江玉海) Characterization of cold atoms based on photoionization momentum spectra 2025 Chin. Phys. B 34 073202
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