Special Issue:
TOPICAL REVIEW — A celebration of the 100th birthday of Kun Huang
|
TOPICAL REVIEW—A celebration of the 100th birthday of Kun Huang |
Prev
Next
|
|
|
Homogeneous and inhomogeneous magnetic oxide semiconductors |
Xiao-Li Li(李小丽)1,2, Xiao-Hong Xu(许小红)1,2 |
1 Key Laboratory of Magnetic Molecules & Magnetic Information Materials of Ministry of Education and School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Shanxi Normal University, Linfen 041004, China;
2 Research Institute of Materials Science of Shanxi Normal University and Collaborative Innovation Center for Shanxi Advanced Permanent Magnetic Materials and Technology, Linfen 041004, Chinas |
|
|
Abstract Magnetic oxide semiconductors are significant spintronics materials. In this article, we review recent advances for homogeneous and inhomogeneous magnetic oxide semiconductors. In the homogeneous magnetic oxide semiconductors, we focus on the various doping techniques including choosing different transition metals, codoping, non-magnetic doping, and even un-doping to realize homogeneous substitution and the clear magnetic origin. And the enhancement of the ferromagnetism is achieved by nanodot arrays engineering, which is accompanied by the tunable optical properties. In the inhomogeneous magnetic oxide semiconductors, we review some heterostructures and their magnetic and transport properties, especially magnetoresistance, which are dramatically modulated by electric field in the constructed devices. And the related mechanisms are discussed in details. Finally, we provide an overview and possible potential applications of magnetic oxide semiconductors.
|
Received: 25 June 2019
Revised: 24 July 2019
Accepted manuscript online:
|
PACS:
|
85.75.-d
|
(Magnetoelectronics; spintronics: devices exploiting spin polarized transport or integrated magnetic fields)
|
|
75.50.Pp
|
(Magnetic semiconductors)
|
|
75.70.-i
|
(Magnetic properties of thin films, surfaces, and interfaces)
|
|
Fund: Project supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China (Grant No. 2017YFB0405703), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 61434002, 51571136, and 11274214), and the Special Funds of Sanjin Scholars Program, China. |
Corresponding Authors:
Xiao-Hong Xu
E-mail: xuxh@sxnu.edu.cn
|
Cite this article:
Xiao-Li Li(李小丽), Xiao-Hong Xu(许小红) Homogeneous and inhomogeneous magnetic oxide semiconductors 2019 Chin. Phys. B 28 098506
|
[44] |
Xia D Y, Hou Q Y and Guan Y Q 2019 J Supercond. Nov. Magn.
|
[1] |
Jungwirth T, Sinova J, Mašek J, Kučera J and MacDonald A H 2006 Rev. Mod. Phys. 78 809
|
[45] |
Venkatesan M, Fitzgerald C B and Coey J M D 2004 Nature 430 630
|
[2] |
Ohno H 1998 Science 281 951
|
[46] |
Banerjee S, Mandal M, Gayathri N and Sardar M 2007 Appl. Phys. Lett. 91 182501
|
[3] |
Prinz G A 1998 Science 282 1660
|
[47] |
Li X L, Xu X H, Quan Z Y, Guo J F, Wu H S and Gehring G A 2009 J. Appl. Phys. 105 103914
|
[4] |
Wolf S A, Awschalom D D, Buhrman R A, Daughton J M, von Molnár S, Roukes M L, Chtchelkanova A Y and Treger D M 2001 Science 294 1488
|
[48] |
Li X L, Guo J F, Quan Z Y, Xu X H and Gehring G A 2010 IEEE T. Magn. 46 1382
|
[5] |
Pearton S J, Abernathy C R, Overberg M E, Thaler G T, Norton D P, Theodoropoulou N, Hebard A F, Park Y D, Ren F, Kim J and Boatner L A 2003 J. Appl. Phys. 93 1
|
[49] |
Bu J P, Liu X R, Hao Y M, Zhou G J, Cheng B, Huang W, Xie J H, Zhang H, Qin H W and Hu J F 2018 Appl. Phys. Lett. 112 162408
|
[6] |
Gould C, Rüster C, Jungwirth T, Girgis E, Schott G M, Giraud R, Brunner K, Schmidt G and Molenkamp L W 2004 Phys. Rev. Lett. 93 117203
|
[50] |
Agarwal D C, Singh U B, Gupta S, singhal R, Kulriya P K, Singh F, Tripathi A, Singh J, Joshi U S and Avasthi D K 2019 Sci. Rep. 9 6675
|
[7] |
Wunderlich J, Jungwirth T, Kaestner B, Irvine A C, Shick A B, Stone N, Wang K Y, Rana U, Giddings A D, Foxon C T, Campion R P, Williams D A and Gallagher B L 2006 Phys. Rev. Lett. 97 077201
|
[51] |
Lin Q L, Li G P, Xu N N, Liu H, E D J and Wang C L 2019 J. Chem. Phys. 150 094704
|
[8] |
Yamanouchi M, Chiba D, Matsukura F and Ohno H 2004 Nature 428 539
|
[52] |
Quan Z Y, Liu X, Qi Y, Song Z L, Qi S F, Zhou G W and Xu X H 2017 Appl. Surf. Sci. 399 751
|
[9] |
Wang K Y, Edmonds K W, Irvine A C, Tatara G, Ranieri E D, Wunderlich J, Olejnik K, Rushforth A W, Campion R P, Williams D A, Foxon C T and Gallagher B L 2010 Appl. Phys. Lett. 97 262102
|
[53] |
Liu X R, Bu J P, Ren X, Cheng B, Xie J H, Chen L B, Gao C Y, Liu L, Zhang H, Zhou G J, Qin H W and Hu J F 2019 J. Magn. Magn. Mater. 475 368
|
[10] |
Chernyshov A, Overby M, Liu X Y, Furdyna J K, Lyanda-Geller Y and Rokhinson L P 2009 Nat. Phys. 5 656
|
[54] |
Jiang F X, Chen D, Zhou G W, Wang Y N and Xu X H 2018 Sci. Rep. 8 2417
|
[11] |
Li Y Y, Cao Y F, Wei G N, Li Y Y, Ji Y, Wang K Y, Edmonds K W, Campion R P, Rushforth A W, Foxon C T and Gallagher B L 2013 Appl. Phys. Lett. 103 022401
|
[55] |
Wang Y N, Jiang F X, Yan L J and Xu X H 2018 Appl. Surf. Sci. 441 415
|
[12] |
Wang H L, Chen L and Zhao J H 2013 Sci. Chin. Phys. Mech. 56 99
|
[56] |
Feng Q, Dizayee W, Li X L, Score D S, Neal J R, Behan A J, Mokhtari A, Alshammari M S, Al-Qahtani M S, Blythe H J, Chantrell R W, Heald S M, Xu X H, Fox A M and Gehring G A 2016 New J. Phys. 18 113040
|
[13] |
Chen L, Yang X, Yang F H, Zhao J H, Misuraca J, Xiong P and von Molnár S 2011 Nano Lett. 11 2584
|
[57] |
Wang J, Gu Z B, Lu M H, Wu D, Yuan C S, Zhang S T, Chen Y F, Zhu S N and Zhu Y Y 2006 Appl. Phys. Lett. 88 252110
|
[14] |
Dietl T, Ohno H, Matsukura F, Cibert J, Ferr and D 2000 Science 287 1019
|
[58] |
Xu Q Y, Hartmann L and Schmidt H 2007 Phys. Rev. B 76 134417
|
[15] |
Pan F, Song C, Liu X J, Yang Y C and Zeng F 2008 Mater. Sci. Eng. R 62 1
|
[59] |
Wang D F, Ying Y, Thuy V T T, Kim J M, Seo M S, Gao F, Zhang T J, Kim K W and Lee Y P 2011 Thin Solid Films 520 529
|
[16] |
Li X L, Qi S F, Jiang F X, Quan Z Y and Xu X H 2013 Sci. Chin. Phys. Mech. 56 111
|
[60] |
Xu Q Y, Hartmann L, Zhou S Q, Mcklich A, Helm M, Biehne G, Hochmuth H, Lorenz M, Grundmann M and Schmidt H 2008 Phys. Rev. Lett. 101 076601
|
[17] |
Tian Y F, Hu S J, Yan S S and Mei L M 2013 Chin. Phys. B 22 088505
|
[61] |
Yan S S, Ren C, Wang X, Xin Y, Zhou Z X, Mei L M, Ren M J, Chen Y X, Liu Y H and Garmestani H 2004 Appl. Phys. Lett. 84 2376
|
[18] |
Venkatesan M, Fitzgerald C B, Lunney J G and Coey J M D 2004 Phys. Rev. Lett. 93 177206
|
[62] |
Yan S S, Liu J P, Mei L M, Tian Y F, Song H Q, Chen Y X and Liu G L 2006 J. Phys.:Condens. Matter 18 10469
|
[19] |
Coey J M D, Venkatesan M and Fitzgerald C B 2005 Nat. Mater. 4 173
|
[63] |
Li X L, Quan Z Y, Xu X H, Wu H S and Gehring G A 2008 IEEE T. Magn. 44 2684
|
[20] |
Yoo Y K, Xue Q Z, Lee H C, Cheng S F, Xiang X D, Dionne G F, Xu S F, He J, Chu Y S, Preite S D, Lofl, S E and Takeuchi I 2005 Appl. Phys. Lett. 86 042506
|
[64] |
Quan Z Y, Xu X H, Li X L, Feng Q and Gehring G A 2010 J. Appl. Phys. 108 103912
|
[21] |
Jiang F X, Xu X H, Zhang J, Wu H S and Gehring G A 2009 Appl. Surf. Sci. 255 3655
|
[65] |
Quan Z Y, Liu W, Li X L, Xu X H, Addison K, Score D S and Gehring G A 2011 Mater. Lett. 65 2982
|
[22] |
Xu X H, Jiang F X, Zhang J, Fan X C, Wu H S and Gehring G A 2009 Appl. Phys. Lett. 94 212510
|
[66] |
Quan Z Y, Zhang X P, Liu W, Li X L, Addison K, Gehring G A and Xu X H 2013 ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 5 3607
|
[23] |
Jiang F X, Xu X H, Zhang J, Fan X C, Wu H S, Alshammari M, Feng Q, Blythe H J, Score D S, Addison K, Al-Qahtani M and Gehring G A 2011 J. Appl. Phys. 109 053907
|
[67] |
Li X L, Jia J, Gao Y, Gehring G A and Xu X H 2015 SPIN 5 1540008
|
[24] |
Jiang F X, Xi S B, Ma R R, Qin X F, Fan X C, Zhang M G, Zhou J Q and Xu X H 2013 Chin. Phys. Lett. 30 047501
|
[68] |
Song C, Cui B, Li F, Zhou X J and Pan F 2017 Prog. Mater. Sci. 87 33
|
[25] |
Jiang F X, Feng Q, Quan Z Y, Ma R R, Heald S M, Gehring G A and Xu X H 2013 Mater. Res. Bull. 48 3178
|
[69] |
Chen Q L, Liu G, Gao S, Yi X H, Xue W H, Tang M H, Zheng X J and Li R W 2019 MRS Commun. 9 14
|
[26] |
Janisch R, Gopal P and Spaldin N A 2005 J. Phys.:Condens. Matter 17 R657
|
[70] |
Waser R, Dittmann R, Staikov G and Szot K 2009 Adv. Mater. 21 2632
|
[27] |
Xia Y Q, Sun L, Xu H, Han J W, Zhang Y B, Wang Y and Zhang S D 2014 Chin. Phys. Lett. 31 027501
|
[71] |
Zhu X J, Shang J and Li R W 2012 Front. Mater. Sci. 6 183
|
[28] |
Liu W J, Zhang H X, Shi J A, Wang Z C, Song C, Wang X R, Lu S Y, Zhou X J, Gu L, Louzguine-Luzgin D V, Chen M W, Yao K F and Chen N 2016 Nat. Commun. 7 13497
|
[72] |
Yang J J, Strukov D B and Stewart D R 2013 Nat. Nanotechnol. 8 13
|
[29] |
Xu X H, Blythe H J, Ziese M, Behan A J, Neal J R, Mokhtari A, Ibrahim R M, Fox A M and Gehring G A 2006 New J. Phys. 8 135
|
[73] |
Pan F, Gao S, Chen C, Song C and Zeng F 2014 Mater. Sci. Eng. R 83 1
|
[30] |
Fan J P, Li X L, Quan Z Y and Xu X H 2013 Appl. Phys. Lett. 102 102407
|
[74] |
Chang W Y, Cheng K J, Tsai J M, Chen H J, Chen F, Tsai M J and Wu T B 2009 Appl. Phys. Lett. 95 042104
|
[31] |
Pan J, Wang S D, Zhang D Y, Hu J G, Chen Q and Wang J L 2013 J. Appl. Phys. 113 043915
|
[75] |
Liu C Y, Huang J J and Lai C H 2013 Thin Solid Films 529 107
|
[32] |
Zhu W G, Zhang Z Y and Kaxiras E 2008 Phys. Rev. Lett. 100 027205
|
[76] |
Yoon J H, Han J H, Jung J S, Jeon W, Kim G H, Song S J, Seok J Y, Yoon K J, Lee M H and Hwang C S 2013 Adv. Mater. 25 1987
|
[33] |
Zhu W G, Qiu X F, Iancu V, Chen X Q, Pan H, Wang W, Dimitrijevic N M, Rajh T, Meyer I I I H M, Paranthaman M P, Stocks G M, Weitering H H, Gu B H, Eres G and Zhang Z Y 2009 Phys. Rev. Lett. 103 226401
|
[77] |
Choi B J, Torrezan A C, Norris K J, Miao F, Strachan J P, Zhang M X, Ohlberg Douglas A A, Kobayashi N P, Yang J J and Williams R S 2013 Nano Lett. 13 3213
|
[34] |
Zener C 1951 Phys. Rev. 81 440
|
[78] |
Li X L, Shi Y N, Li J, Bai Y H, Jia J, Li Y C and Xu X H 2017 Mater. Res. Express 4 036407
|
[35] |
Zeng Z T, Jiang F X, Ji L F, Zheng H Y, Zhou G W and Xu X H 2018 RSC Adv. 8 31382
|
[79] |
Li X L, Jia J, Li Y C, Bai Y H, Li J, Shi Y N, Wang L F and Xu X H 2016 Sci. Rep. 6 31934
|
[36] |
Yamada Y, Ueno K, Fukumura T, Yuan H T, Shimotani H, Iwasa Y, Gu L, Tsukimoto S, Ikuhara Y and Kawasaki M 2011 Science 332 1065
|
[80] |
Li X L, Li Y C, Shi Y N, Du F F, Bai Y H, Quan Z Y and Xu X H 2017 Mater. Lett. 194 227
|
[37] |
Kaspar T C, Heald S M, Wang C M, Bryan J D, Droubay T, Shutthanandan V, Thevuthasan S, McCready D E, Kellock A J, Gamelin D R and Chambers S A 2005 Phys. Rev. Lett. 95 217203
|
[81] |
Du F F, Li Y C, Li X L, Yang J, Bai Y H, Quan Z Y, Liu C L and Xu X H 2019 J. Magn. Magn. Mater. 489 165445
|
[38] |
Green R J, Regier T Z, Leedahl B, McLeod J A, Xu X H, Chang G S, Kurmaev E Z and Moewes A 2015 Phys. Rev. Lett. 115 167401
|
[82] |
Li Q, Shen T T, Cao Y L, Zhang K, Yan S S, Tian Y F, Kang S S, Zhao M W, Dai Y Y, Chen Y X, Liu G L, Mei L M, Wang X L and Grünberg P 2015 Sci. Rep. 4 3835
|
[39] |
Chen G, Song C, Chen C, Gao S, Zeng F and Pan F 2012 Adv. Mater. 24 3515
|
[83] |
Zhang K, Cao Y L, Fang Y W, Li Q, Zhang J, Duan C G, Yan S S, Tian Y F, Huang R, Zheng R K, Kang S S, Chen Y X, Liu G L and Mei L M 2015 Nanoscale 7 6334
|
[40] |
Ren S X, Sun G W, Zhao J, Dong J Y, Wei Y, Ma Z C, Zhao X and Chen W 2014 Appl. Phys. Lett. 104 232406
|
[84] |
Yang Z H, Zhan Q F, Zhu X J, Liu Y W, Yang H L, Hu B L, Shang J, Pan L, Chen B and Li R W 2014 Europhys. Lett. 108 58004
|
[41] |
Ren S Q, Qin H W, Bu J P, Zhu G C, Xie J H and Hu J F 2015 Appl. Phys. Lett. 107 062404
|
[85] |
Kim S I, Sa Y H, Kim J H, Chang Y W, Kim N, Kim H and Yoo K H 2014 Appl. Phys. Lett. 104 023513
|
[42] |
Ali N, Singh B, Khan Z A, Vijaya A R, Tarafder K and Ghosh S 2019 Sci. Rep. 9 2461
|
[86] |
Herderick E D, Reddy K M, Sample R N, Draskovic T I and Padture N P 2009 Appl. Phys. Lett. 95 203505
|
[43] |
Bhakta N and Chakrabarti P K 2019 J. Magn. Magn. Mater. 485 419
|
[87] |
Kim S I, Lee J H, Chang Y W, Hwang S S and Yoo K H 2008 Appl. Phys. Lett. 93 033503
|
[44] |
Xia D Y, Hou Q Y and Guan Y Q 2019 J Supercond. Nov. Magn.
|
[88] |
Oka K, Yanagida T, Nagashima K, Tanaka H and Kawai T 2009 J. Am. Chem. Soc. 131 3434
|
[45] |
Venkatesan M, Fitzgerald C B and Coey J M D 2004 Nature 430 630
|
[89] |
Huang Y C, Chen P Y, Chin T S, Liu R S, Huang C Y and Lai C H 2012 Appl. Phys. Lett. 101 153106
|
[46] |
Banerjee S, Mandal M, Gayathri N and Sardar M 2007 Appl. Phys. Lett. 91 182501
|
[90] |
Huang Y C, Chen P Y, Huang K F, Chuang T C, Lin H H, Chin T S, Liu R S, Lan Y W, Chen C D and Lai C H 2014 NPG Asia Mater. 6 e85
|
[47] |
Li X L, Xu X H, Quan Z Y, Guo J F, Wu H S and Gehring G A 2009 J. Appl. Phys. 105 103914
|
[91] |
Liang K D, Huang C H, Lai C C, Huang J S, Tsai H W, Wang Y C, Shih Y C, Chang M T, Lo S C and Chueh Y L 2014 ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 6 16537
|
[48] |
Li X L, Guo J F, Quan Z Y, Xu X H and Gehring G A 2010 IEEE T. Magn. 46 1382
|
[92] |
Wang L F, Li X L, Xue W H, Quan Z Y, Qin X F, Wang F and Xu X H 2018 J. Mater. Chem. C 6 1996
|
[49] |
Bu J P, Liu X R, Hao Y M, Zhou G J, Cheng B, Huang W, Xie J H, Zhang H, Qin H W and Hu J F 2018 Appl. Phys. Lett. 112 162408
|
[50] |
Agarwal D C, Singh U B, Gupta S, singhal R, Kulriya P K, Singh F, Tripathi A, Singh J, Joshi U S and Avasthi D K 2019 Sci. Rep. 9 6675
|
[51] |
Lin Q L, Li G P, Xu N N, Liu H, E D J and Wang C L 2019 J. Chem. Phys. 150 094704
|
[52] |
Quan Z Y, Liu X, Qi Y, Song Z L, Qi S F, Zhou G W and Xu X H 2017 Appl. Surf. Sci. 399 751
|
[53] |
Liu X R, Bu J P, Ren X, Cheng B, Xie J H, Chen L B, Gao C Y, Liu L, Zhang H, Zhou G J, Qin H W and Hu J F 2019 J. Magn. Magn. Mater. 475 368
|
[54] |
Jiang F X, Chen D, Zhou G W, Wang Y N and Xu X H 2018 Sci. Rep. 8 2417
|
[55] |
Wang Y N, Jiang F X, Yan L J and Xu X H 2018 Appl. Surf. Sci. 441 415
|
[56] |
Feng Q, Dizayee W, Li X L, Score D S, Neal J R, Behan A J, Mokhtari A, Alshammari M S, Al-Qahtani M S, Blythe H J, Chantrell R W, Heald S M, Xu X H, Fox A M and Gehring G A 2016 New J. Phys. 18 113040
|
[57] |
Wang J, Gu Z B, Lu M H, Wu D, Yuan C S, Zhang S T, Chen Y F, Zhu S N and Zhu Y Y 2006 Appl. Phys. Lett. 88 252110
|
[58] |
Xu Q Y, Hartmann L and Schmidt H 2007 Phys. Rev. B 76 134417
|
[59] |
Wang D F, Ying Y, Thuy V T T, Kim J M, Seo M S, Gao F, Zhang T J, Kim K W and Lee Y P 2011 Thin Solid Films 520 529
|
[60] |
Xu Q Y, Hartmann L, Zhou S Q, Mcklich A, Helm M, Biehne G, Hochmuth H, Lorenz M, Grundmann M and Schmidt H 2008 Phys. Rev. Lett. 101 076601
|
[61] |
Yan S S, Ren C, Wang X, Xin Y, Zhou Z X, Mei L M, Ren M J, Chen Y X, Liu Y H and Garmestani H 2004 Appl. Phys. Lett. 84 2376
|
[62] |
Yan S S, Liu J P, Mei L M, Tian Y F, Song H Q, Chen Y X and Liu G L 2006 J. Phys.:Condens. Matter 18 10469
|
[63] |
Li X L, Quan Z Y, Xu X H, Wu H S and Gehring G A 2008 IEEE T. Magn. 44 2684
|
[64] |
Quan Z Y, Xu X H, Li X L, Feng Q and Gehring G A 2010 J. Appl. Phys. 108 103912
|
[65] |
Quan Z Y, Liu W, Li X L, Xu X H, Addison K, Score D S and Gehring G A 2011 Mater. Lett. 65 2982
|
[66] |
Quan Z Y, Zhang X P, Liu W, Li X L, Addison K, Gehring G A and Xu X H 2013 ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 5 3607
|
[67] |
Li X L, Jia J, Gao Y, Gehring G A and Xu X H 2015 SPIN 5 1540008
|
[68] |
Song C, Cui B, Li F, Zhou X J and Pan F 2017 Prog. Mater. Sci. 87 33
|
[69] |
Chen Q L, Liu G, Gao S, Yi X H, Xue W H, Tang M H, Zheng X J and Li R W 2019 MRS Commun. 9 14
|
[70] |
Waser R, Dittmann R, Staikov G and Szot K 2009 Adv. Mater. 21 2632
|
[71] |
Zhu X J, Shang J and Li R W 2012 Front. Mater. Sci. 6 183
|
[72] |
Yang J J, Strukov D B and Stewart D R 2013 Nat. Nanotechnol. 8 13
|
[73] |
Pan F, Gao S, Chen C, Song C and Zeng F 2014 Mater. Sci. Eng. R 83 1
|
[74] |
Chang W Y, Cheng K J, Tsai J M, Chen H J, Chen F, Tsai M J and Wu T B 2009 Appl. Phys. Lett. 95 042104
|
[75] |
Liu C Y, Huang J J and Lai C H 2013 Thin Solid Films 529 107
|
[76] |
Yoon J H, Han J H, Jung J S, Jeon W, Kim G H, Song S J, Seok J Y, Yoon K J, Lee M H and Hwang C S 2013 Adv. Mater. 25 1987
|
[77] |
Choi B J, Torrezan A C, Norris K J, Miao F, Strachan J P, Zhang M X, Ohlberg Douglas A A, Kobayashi N P, Yang J J and Williams R S 2013 Nano Lett. 13 3213
|
[78] |
Li X L, Shi Y N, Li J, Bai Y H, Jia J, Li Y C and Xu X H 2017 Mater. Res. Express 4 036407
|
[79] |
Li X L, Jia J, Li Y C, Bai Y H, Li J, Shi Y N, Wang L F and Xu X H 2016 Sci. Rep. 6 31934
|
[80] |
Li X L, Li Y C, Shi Y N, Du F F, Bai Y H, Quan Z Y and Xu X H 2017 Mater. Lett. 194 227
|
[81] |
Du F F, Li Y C, Li X L, Yang J, Bai Y H, Quan Z Y, Liu C L and Xu X H 2019 J. Magn. Magn. Mater. 489 165445
|
[82] |
Li Q, Shen T T, Cao Y L, Zhang K, Yan S S, Tian Y F, Kang S S, Zhao M W, Dai Y Y, Chen Y X, Liu G L, Mei L M, Wang X L and Grünberg P 2015 Sci. Rep. 4 3835
|
[83] |
Zhang K, Cao Y L, Fang Y W, Li Q, Zhang J, Duan C G, Yan S S, Tian Y F, Huang R, Zheng R K, Kang S S, Chen Y X, Liu G L and Mei L M 2015 Nanoscale 7 6334
|
[84] |
Yang Z H, Zhan Q F, Zhu X J, Liu Y W, Yang H L, Hu B L, Shang J, Pan L, Chen B and Li R W 2014 Europhys. Lett. 108 58004
|
[85] |
Kim S I, Sa Y H, Kim J H, Chang Y W, Kim N, Kim H and Yoo K H 2014 Appl. Phys. Lett. 104 023513
|
[86] |
Herderick E D, Reddy K M, Sample R N, Draskovic T I and Padture N P 2009 Appl. Phys. Lett. 95 203505
|
[87] |
Kim S I, Lee J H, Chang Y W, Hwang S S and Yoo K H 2008 Appl. Phys. Lett. 93 033503
|
[88] |
Oka K, Yanagida T, Nagashima K, Tanaka H and Kawai T 2009 J. Am. Chem. Soc. 131 3434
|
[89] |
Huang Y C, Chen P Y, Chin T S, Liu R S, Huang C Y and Lai C H 2012 Appl. Phys. Lett. 101 153106
|
[90] |
Huang Y C, Chen P Y, Huang K F, Chuang T C, Lin H H, Chin T S, Liu R S, Lan Y W, Chen C D and Lai C H 2014 NPG Asia Mater. 6 e85
|
[91] |
Liang K D, Huang C H, Lai C C, Huang J S, Tsai H W, Wang Y C, Shih Y C, Chang M T, Lo S C and Chueh Y L 2014 ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 6 16537
|
[92] |
Wang L F, Li X L, Xue W H, Quan Z Y, Qin X F, Wang F and Xu X H 2018 J. Mater. Chem. C 6 1996
|
No Suggested Reading articles found! |
|
|
Viewed |
|
|
|
Full text
|
|
|
|
|
Abstract
|
|
|
|
|
Cited |
|
|
|
|
Altmetric
|
blogs
Facebook pages
Wikipedia page
Google+ users
|
Online attention
Altmetric calculates a score based on the online attention an article receives. Each coloured thread in the circle represents a different type of online attention. The number in the centre is the Altmetric score. Social media and mainstream news media are the main sources that calculate the score. Reference managers such as Mendeley are also tracked but do not contribute to the score. Older articles often score higher because they have had more time to get noticed. To account for this, Altmetric has included the context data for other articles of a similar age.
View more on Altmetrics
|
|
|