Aggregation of ferromagnetic and paramagnetic atoms at edges of graphenes and graphite

doi:10.1088/1674-1056/20/2/026803

Abstract In this work we report that when ferromagnetic metals (Fe, Co and Ni) are thermally evaporated onto n-layer graphenes and graphite, a metal nanowire and adjacent nanogaps can be found along the edges regardless of its zigzag or armchair structure. Similar features can also be observed for paramagnetic metals, such as Mn, Al and Pd. Meanwhile, metal nanowires and adjacent nanogaps cannot be found for diamagnetic metals (Au and Ag). An external magnetic field during the evaporation of metals can make these unique features disappear for ferromagnetic and paramagnetic metal; and the morphologies of diamagnetic metal do not change after the application of an external magnetic field. We discuss the possible reasons for these novel and interesting results, which include possible one-dimensional ferromagnets along the edge and edge-related binding energy.

Keywords: graphene edges of graphene ferromagnetism magnetic particle inspection

Received: 27 December 2010
Revised: 27 December 2010
Accepted manuscript online:

PACS:	68.35.Md	(Surface thermodynamics, surface energies)
	61.48.De	(Structure of carbon nanotubes, boron nanotubes, and other related systems)
	68.35.Md	(Surface thermodynamics, surface energies)
	81.05.Uw

Fund: Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 10774032, 90921001 and 50952009).

Cite this article:

Zhou Hai-Qing(周海青), Yang Huai-Chao(杨怀超), Qiu Cai-Yu(邱彩玉), Liu Zheng(刘政), Yu Fang(余芳), Hu Li-Jun(胡丽君), Xia Xiao-Xiang(夏晓翔), Yang Hai-Fang(杨海方), Gu Chang-Zhi(顾长志), and Sun Lian-Feng(孙连峰) Aggregation of ferromagnetic and paramagnetic atoms at edges of graphenes and graphite 2011 Chin. Phys. B 20 026803

[1]	Han K H, Spemann D, Esquinazi P, Hohne R, Riede V and Butz T 2003 wxAdv. Mater.15 1719
[2]	Ohldag H, Tyliszczak T, Höhne R, Spemann D, Esquinazi P, Ungureanu M and Butz T 2007 wxPhys. Rev. Lett.98 187204
[3]	Cervenka J, Katsnelson M I and Flipse C F J 2009 wxNature Phys.5 840
[4]	Esquinazi P, Spemann D, Höhne R, Setzer A, Han K H and Butz T 2003 wxPhys. Rev. Lett.91 227201
[5]	Coey J M D, Venkatesan M, Fitzgerald C B, Douvalis A P and Sanders I S 2002 wxNature420 156
[6]	Wang Y, Huang Y, Song Y, Zhang X Y, Ma Y F, Liang J J and Chen Y S 2009 wxNano Lett.9 220
[7]	Makarova T L, Sundqvist B, Höhne R, Esquinazi P, Kopelevich Y, Scharff P, Davydov V, Kashevarova L S and Rakhmanin A V 2001 wxNature413 716
[8]	Makarova T L, Sundqvist B, Höhne R, Esquinazi P, Kopelevich Y, Scharff P, Davydov V, Kashevarova L S and Rakhmanin A V 2006 wxNature440 707
[9]	Service R F 2004 wxScience30 42
[10]	Zhang Z H, Chen C F and Guo W L 2009 wxPhys. Rev. Lett.103 187204
[11]	Radovic L R and Bockrath B 2005 wxJ. Am. Chem. Soc.127 5917
[12]	Novoselov K S, Geim A K, Morozov S V, Jiang D, Zhang Y, Dubonos S V, Grigorieva I V and Firsov A A 2004 wxScience306 666
[13]	Lu P, Zhang Z H and Guo W L 2009 wxPhys. Lett. A373 3354
[14]	Ising E 1925 wxZ. Phys.31 253
[15]	Mermin N D and Wagner H 1966 wxPhys. Rev. Lett.17 1133
[16]	Gambardella P, Dallmeyer A, Maiti K, Malagoli M C, Eberhardt W, Kern K and Carbone C 2002 wxNature416 301
[17]	Leuenberger M and Loss D 2001 wxNature410 789
[18]	Zhang L J and Xia T S 2010 wxChin. Phys. B19 117106
[19]	Zhou H Q, Qiu C Y, Liu Z, Yang H C, Hu L J, Liu J, Yang H F, Gu C Z and Sun L F 2010 wxJ. Am. Chem. Soc.132 944
[20]	Luo Z T, Somers L A, Dan Y P, Ly T, Kybert N J, Mele E J and Johnson A T C 2010 wxNano Lett.10 777
[21]	Zhang Z Y and Lagally M G 1997 wxScience276 377
[22]	Zhou B H, Duan Z G, Zhou B L and Zhou G H 2010 wxChin. Phys. B19 037204
[23]	Warner J H, Schaffel F, Rummeli M H and Buchner B 2009 wxChem. Mater.21 2418
[24]	You Y M, Ni Z H, Yu T and Shen Z X 2008 wxAppl. Phys. Lett.93 163112
[25]	Jia X T, Hofmann M, Meunier V, Sumpter B G, Campos-Delgado J, Romo-Herrera J M, Son H, Hsieh Y P, Reina A, Kong J, Terrones M and Dresselhaus M S 2009 wxScience323 1701
[26]	Warner J H, R"ummeli M H, Ge L, Gemming T, Montanari B, Harrison N M, B"uchner B, Briggs G and Andrew D 2009 wxNat. Nanotechnol.4 500

[1]	Polarization Raman spectra of graphene nanoribbons Wangwei Xu(许望伟), Shijie Sun(孙诗杰), Muzi Yang(杨慕紫), Zhenliang Hao(郝振亮), Lei Gao(高蕾), Jianchen Lu(卢建臣), Jiasen Zhu(朱嘉森), Jian Chen(陈建), and Jinming Cai(蔡金明). Chin. Phys. B, 2023, 32(4): 046803.
[2]	Spin- and valley-polarized Goos-Hänchen-like shift in ferromagnetic mass graphene junction with circularly polarized light Mei-Rong Liu(刘美荣), Zheng-Fang Liu(刘正方), Ruo-Long Zhang(张若龙), Xian-Bo Xiao(肖贤波), and Qing-Ping Wu(伍清萍). Chin. Phys. B, 2023, 32(3): 037301.
[3]	Prediction of one-dimensional CrN nanostructure as a promising ferromagnetic half-metal Wenyu Xiang(相文雨), Yaping Wang(王亚萍), Weixiao Ji(纪维霄), Wenjie Hou(侯文杰),Shengshi Li(李胜世), and Peiji Wang(王培吉). Chin. Phys. B, 2023, 32(3): 037103.
[4]	High-temperature ferromagnetism and strong π-conjugation feature in two-dimensional manganese tetranitride Ming Yan(闫明), Zhi-Yuan Xie(谢志远), and Miao Gao(高淼). Chin. Phys. B, 2023, 32(3): 037104.
[5]	Graphene metasurface-based switchable terahertz half-/quarter-wave plate with a broad bandwidth Xiaoqing Luo(罗小青), Juan Luo(罗娟), Fangrong Hu(胡放荣), and Guangyuan Li(李光元). Chin. Phys. B, 2023, 32(2): 027801.
[6]	Correlated states in alternating twisted bilayer-monolayer-monolayer graphene heterostructure Ruirui Niu(牛锐锐), Xiangyan Han(韩香岩), Zhuangzhuang Qu(曲壮壮), Zhiyu Wang(王知雨), Zhuoxian Li(李卓贤), Qianling Liu(刘倩伶), Chunrui Han(韩春蕊), and Jianming Lu(路建明). Chin. Phys. B, 2023, 32(1): 017202.
[7]	Adsorption dynamics of double-stranded DNA on a graphene oxide surface with both large unoxidized and oxidized regions Mengjiao Wu(吴梦娇), Huishu Ma(马慧姝), Haiping Fang(方海平), Li Yang(阳丽), and Xiaoling Lei(雷晓玲). Chin. Phys. B, 2023, 32(1): 018701.
[8]	Precisely controlling the twist angle of epitaxial MoS₂/graphene heterostructure by AFM tip manipulation Jiahao Yuan(袁嘉浩), Mengzhou Liao(廖梦舟), Zhiheng Huang(黄智恒), Jinpeng Tian(田金朋), Yanbang Chu(褚衍邦), Luojun Du(杜罗军), Wei Yang(杨威), Dongxia Shi(时东霞), Rong Yang(杨蓉), and Guangyu Zhang(张广宇). Chin. Phys. B, 2022, 31(8): 087302.
[9]	Longitudinal conductivity in ABC-stacked trilayer graphene under irradiating of linearly polarized light Guo-Bao Zhu(朱国宝), Hui-Min Yang(杨慧敏), and Jie Yang(杨杰). Chin. Phys. B, 2022, 31(8): 088102.
[10]	Dual-channel tunable near-infrared absorption enhancement with graphene induced by coupled modes of topological interface states Zeng-Ping Su(苏增平), Tong-Tong Wei(魏彤彤), and Yue-Ke Wang(王跃科). Chin. Phys. B, 2022, 31(8): 087804.
[11]	Recent advances of defect-induced spin and valley polarized states in graphene Yu Zhang(张钰), Liangguang Jia(贾亮广), Yaoyao Chen(陈瑶瑶), Lin He(何林), and Yeliang Wang(王业亮). Chin. Phys. B, 2022, 31(8): 087301.
[12]	Dynamically tunable multiband plasmon-induced transparency effect based on graphene nanoribbon waveguide coupled with rectangle cavities system Zi-Hao Zhu(朱子豪), Bo-Yun Wang(王波云), Xiang Yan(闫香), Yang Liu(刘洋), Qing-Dong Zeng(曾庆栋), Tao Wang(王涛), and Hua-Qing Yu(余华清). Chin. Phys. B, 2022, 31(8): 084210.
[13]	Valley-dependent transport in strain engineering graphene heterojunctions Fei Wan(万飞), X R Wang(王新茹), L H Liao(廖烈鸿), J Y Zhang(张嘉颜),M N Chen(陈梦南), G H Zhou(周光辉), Z B Siu(萧卓彬), Mansoor B. A. Jalil, and Yuan Li(李源). Chin. Phys. B, 2022, 31(7): 077302.
[14]	Thermionic electron emission in the 1D edge-to-edge limit Tongyao Zhang(张桐耀), Hanwen Wang(王汉文), Xiuxin Xia(夏秀鑫), Chengbing Qin(秦成兵), and Xiaoxi Li(李小茜). Chin. Phys. B, 2022, 31(5): 058504.
[15]	Dynamical signatures of the one-dimensional deconfined quantum critical point Ning Xi(西宁) and Rong Yu(俞榕). Chin. Phys. B, 2022, 31(5): 057501.

No Suggested Reading articles found!

Viewed

Full text

Abstract

Cited

Metrics
Related Articles

Aggregation of ferromagnetic and paramagnetic atoms at edges of graphenes and graphite

Cite this article:

Online attention