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Information scrambling in a partially confined quantum link model |
| Yifan Luo(罗祎帆)1,2, Zheng Tang(唐正)3, Li Chen(陈立)3,†, and Wei Zheng(郑炜)1,2,4,‡ |
1 Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China;
2 CAS Center for Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China;
3 Institute of Theoretical Physics, State Key Laboratory of Quantum Optics and Quantum Optics Devices, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China;
4 Hefei National Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230088, China |
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Abstract Quantum link models (QLMs) serve as experimentally accessible platforms for studying lattice gauge theories with finite-dimensional Hilbert spaces. In this work, we investigate information scrambling in the partially confined phase of a spin-1 quantum link model by calculating the dynamics of out-of-time-ordered correlators (OTOCs) and entanglement entropy. We observe that, in the partially confined phase, information scrambling exhibits significant asymmetry, manifested as the unidirectional propagation of both OTOCs and entanglement entropy. This phenomenon stands in stark contrast to the isotropic spreading observed in the deconfined phase and the localization characteristic of the confined phase. Furthermore, the simultaneous occurrence of the unidirectional propagation of both OTOCs and entanglement entropy, together with the $\theta$-induced asymmetric excitation propagation, reveals a direct connection between information scrambling and charge confinement.
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Received: 13 July 2025
Revised: 27 August 2025
Accepted manuscript online: 29 August 2025
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PACS:
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03.67.Ac
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(Quantum algorithms, protocols, and simulations)
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11.15.Ha
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(Lattice gauge theory)
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| Fund: This project was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. GG2030007011 and GG2030040453) and the Innovation Program for Quantum Science and Technology (Grant No. 2021ZD0302004). L.C. acknowledges support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 12174236) and the fund for the Shanxi 1331 Project. |
Corresponding Authors:
Li Chen, Wei Zheng
E-mail: lchen@sxu.edu.cn;zw8796@ustc.edu.cn
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| About author: 2025-110301-251202.pdf |
Cite this article:
Yifan Luo(罗祎帆), Zheng Tang(唐正), Li Chen(陈立), and Wei Zheng(郑炜) Information scrambling in a partially confined quantum link model 2025 Chin. Phys. B 34 110301
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