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Microwave electrometry with Rydberg atoms in a vapor cell using microwave amplitude modulation |
| Jian-Hai Hao(郝建海)1, Feng-Dong Jia(贾凤东)1,†, Yue Cui(崔越)1, Yu-Han Wang(王昱寒)1, Fei Zhou(周飞)1, Xiu-Bin Liu(刘修彬)1, Jian Zhang(张剑)2, Feng Xie(谢锋)2, Jin-Hai Bai(白金海)3,‡, Jian-Qi You(尤建琦)3, Yu Wang(王宇)3, and Zhi-Ping Zhong(钟志萍)1,4 |
1 School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China;
2 Institute of Nuclear and New Energy Technology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Nuclear Energy Technology, Key Laboratory of Advanced Reactor Engineering and Safety of Ministry of Education, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China;
3 Science and Technology on Metrology and Calibration Laboratory, Changcheng Institute of Metrology & Measurement, Aviation Industry Corporation of China, Beijing 100095, China;
4 CAS Center for Excellence in Topological Quantum Computation, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China |
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Abstract We have theoretically and experimentally studied the dispersive signal of the Rydberg atomic electromagnetically-induced transparency (EIT) Autler-Townes (AT) splitting spectra obtained using amplitude modulation of the microwave (MW) electric field. In addition to the two zero-crossing points interval $\Delta f_{\text{zeros}}$, the dispersion signal has two positive maxima with an interval defined as the shoulder interval $\Delta f_{\text{sho}}$, which is theoretically expected to be used to measure a much weaker MW electric field. The relationship of the MW field strength $E_{\text{MW}}$ and $\Delta f_{\text{sho}}$ is experimentally studied at the MW frequencies of 31.6 GHz and 9.2 GHz respectively. The results show that $\Delta f_{\text{sho}}$ can be used to characterize the much weaker $E_{\text{MW}}$ than that of $\Delta f_{\text{zeros}}$ and the traditional EIT-AT splitting interval $\Delta f_{\text{m}}$; the minimum $E_{\text{MW}}$ measured by $\Delta f_{\text{sho}}$ is about 30 times smaller than that by $\Delta f_{\text{m}}$. As an example, the minimum $E_{\text{MW}}$ at 9.2 GHz that can be characterized by $\Delta f_{\text{sho}}$ is 0.056mV/cm, which is the minimum value characterized by the frequency interval using a vapor cell without adding any auxiliary fields. The proposed method can improve the weak limit and sensitivity of $E_{\text{MW}}$ measured by the spectral frequency interval, which is important in the direct measurement of weak $E_{\text{MW}}$.
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Received: 31 October 2023
Revised: 29 December 2023
Accepted manuscript online: 04 January 2024
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PACS:
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07.07.Df
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(Sensors (chemical, optical, electrical, movement, gas, etc.); remote sensing)
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84.40.-x
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(Radiowave and microwave (including millimeter wave) technology)
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42.50.-p
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(Quantum optics)
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| Fund: Project supported by Beijing Natural Science Foundation (Grant No. 1212014), the National Key Research and Development Program of China (Grant Nos. 2017YFA0304900 and 2017YFA0402300), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 11604334, 11604177, and U2031125), the Key Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (Grant No. XDPB08-3), the Open Research Fund Program of the State Key Laboratory of Low-Dimensional Quantum Physics (Grant No. KF201807), the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities, and Youth Innovation Promotion Association CAS. |
Corresponding Authors:
Feng-Dong Jia, Jin-Hai Bai
E-mail: fdjia@ucas.ac.cn;baijh003@avic.com
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Cite this article:
Jian-Hai Hao(郝建海), Feng-Dong Jia(贾凤东), Yue Cui(崔越), Yu-Han Wang(王昱寒), Fei Zhou(周飞), Xiu-Bin Liu(刘修彬), Jian Zhang(张剑), Feng Xie(谢锋), Jin-Hai Bai(白金海), Jian-Qi You(尤建琦), Yu Wang(王宇), and Zhi-Ping Zhong(钟志萍) Microwave electrometry with Rydberg atoms in a vapor cell using microwave amplitude modulation 2024 Chin. Phys. B 33 050702
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