| INSTRUMENTATION AND MEASUREMENT |
Prev
Next
|
|
|
Microwave electrometry with Rydberg atoms in a vapor cell using microwave amplitude modulation |
| Jian-Hai Hao(郝建海)1, Feng-Dong Jia(贾凤东)1,†, Yue Cui(崔越)1, Yu-Han Wang(王昱寒)1, Fei Zhou(周飞)1, Xiu-Bin Liu(刘修彬)1, Jian Zhang(张剑)2, Feng Xie(谢锋)2, Jin-Hai Bai(白金海)3,‡, Jian-Qi You(尤建琦)3, Yu Wang(王宇)3, and Zhi-Ping Zhong(钟志萍)1,4 |
1 School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China;
2 Institute of Nuclear and New Energy Technology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Nuclear Energy Technology, Key Laboratory of Advanced Reactor Engineering and Safety of Ministry of Education, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China;
3 Science and Technology on Metrology and Calibration Laboratory, Changcheng Institute of Metrology & Measurement, Aviation Industry Corporation of China, Beijing 100095, China;
4 CAS Center for Excellence in Topological Quantum Computation, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China |
|
|
|
|
Abstract We have theoretically and experimentally studied the dispersive signal of the Rydberg atomic electromagnetically-induced transparency (EIT) Autler—Townes (AT) splitting spectra obtained using amplitude modulation of the microwave (MW) electric field. In addition to the two zero-crossing points interval Δfzeros, the dispersion signal has two positive maxima with an interval defined as the shoulder interval Δfsho, which is theoretically expected to be used to measure a much weaker MW electric field. The relationship of the MW field strength EMW and Δfsho is experimentally studied at the MW frequencies of 31.6 GHz and 9.2 GHz respectively. The results show that Δfsho can be used to characterize the much weaker EMW than that of Δfzeros and the traditional EIT—AT splitting interval Δfm; the minimum EMW measured by Δfsho is about 30 times smaller than that by Δfm. As an example, the minimum EMW at 9.2 GHz that can be characterized by Δfsho is 0.056 mV/cm, which is the minimum value characterized by the frequency interval using a vapor cell without adding any auxiliary fields. The proposed method can improve the weak limit and sensitivity of EMW measured by the spectral frequency interval, which is important in the direct measurement of weak EMW.
|
Received: 31 October 2023
Revised: 29 December 2023
Accepted manuscript online: 04 January 2024
|
|
PACS:
|
07.07.Df
|
(Sensors (chemical, optical, electrical, movement, gas, etc.); remote sensing)
|
| |
84.40.-x
|
(Radiowave and microwave (including millimeter wave) technology)
|
| |
42.50.-p
|
(Quantum optics)
|
|
| Fund: Project supported by Beijing Natural Science Foundation (Grant No. 1212014), the National Key Research and Development Program of China (Grant Nos. 2017YFA0304900 and 2017YFA0402300), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 11604334, 11604177, and U2031125), the Key Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (Grant No. XDPB08-3), the Open Research Fund Program of the State Key Laboratory of Low-Dimensional Quantum Physics (Grant No. KF201807), the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities, and Youth Innovation Promotion Association CAS. |
Corresponding Authors:
Feng-Dong Jia,E-mail:fdjia@ucas.ac.cn;Jin-Hai Bai,E-mail:baijh003@avic.com
E-mail: fdjia@ucas.ac.cn;baijh003@avic.com
|
Cite this article:
Jian-Hai Hao(郝建海), Feng-Dong Jia(贾凤东), Yue Cui(崔越), Yu-Han Wang(王昱寒), Fei Zhou(周飞), Xiu-Bin Liu(刘修彬), Jian Zhang(张剑), Feng Xie(谢锋), Jin-Hai Bai(白金海), Jian-Qi You(尤建琦), Yu Wang(王宇), and Zhi-Ping Zhong(钟志萍) Microwave electrometry with Rydberg atoms in a vapor cell using microwave amplitude modulation 2024 Chin. Phys. B 33 050702
|
[1] Gallagher Thomas F 1994 Cambridge Monographs on Atomic, Molecular and Chemical Physics
[2] Mohapatra A K, Jackson T R and Adams C S 2007 Phys. Rev. Lett. 98 113003
[3] Fleischhauer M, Imamoglu A and Marangos J P 2005 Rev. Mod. Phys. 77 633
[4] Sedlacek J, Schwettman A, Kübler H, Löw R, Pfau T and Shaffer J P 2012 Nat. Phys. 8 819
[5] Drever R W P, Hall J L, Kowalski F V, Hough J, Ford G M, Munley A J and Ward H 1983 Appl. Phys. B 31 97
[6] Hirata S, Akatsuka T, Ohtake Y and Morinaga A 2014 Appl. Phys. Express 7 022705
[7] Abel R P, Mohapatra A K, Bason M G, Pritchard J D, Weatherill K J, Raitzsch U and Adams C S 2009 Appl. Phys. Lett. 94 3086305
[8] Jiao Y C, Li J K, Wang L M, Zhang H, Zhang L J, Zhao J M and Jia S T 2016 Chin. Phys. B 25 053201
[9] Bao S X, Zhang H, Zhou J, Zhang L J, Zhao J M, Xiao L T and Jia S T 2016 Phys. Rev. A 94 043822
[10] Lin Y, Wu F C, Mao R Q, Yao J W, Liu Y, An Q and Fu Y Q 2022 Acta Phys. Sin. 71 170702 (in Chinese)
[11] Mao R Q, Lin Y, Yang K, An Q and Fu Y Q 2023 IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters 22 352 Q
[12] Wu B, Lin Y, Liao D W, Liu Y, An Q and Fu Y Q 2022 Electronics Letters 58 914
[13] Hu J L, Li H Q, Song R, Bai J, Jiao Y C, Zhao J M and Jia S T 2022 Appl. Phys. Lett. 121 014002
[14] You S H, Cai M H, Zhang S S, Xu Z S and Liu H P 2022 Opt. Express 30 16619
[15] Cai M H, Xu Z S, You S H and Liu H P 2022 Photonics 9 250
[16] Feng Z G, Liu X C, Zhang Y Y, Ruan W M, Song Z F and Qu J F 2023 Opt. Express 31 1692
[17] Degen C L, Reinhard F and Cappellaro P 2017 Rev. Mod. Phys. 89 035002
[18] Wang Y H, Jia F D, Hao J H, Cui Y, Zhou F, Liu X B, Mei J, Yu Y H, Liu Y, Zhang J, Xie F and Zhong Z Z 2023 Opt. Express 31 10449
[19] Cui Y, Jia F D, Hao J H, Wang Y H, Zhou F, Liu X B, Yu Y H, Mei J, Bai J H, Bao Y Y, Hu D, Wang Y, Liu Y, Zhang J, Xie F and Zhong Z P 2023 Phys. Rev. A 107 043102
[20] Li Y, Zhang J, Wang Y, Du H, Wu J, Liu W, Mei F, Ma J, Xiao L and Jia S 2022 Light:Science & Applications 11 13
[21] Wang Y, Zhang J H, Li Y, Wu J, Liu W, Mei F, Hu Y, Xiao L, Ma J, Chin C and Jia S 2022 Phys. Rev. Lett. 129 103401
[22] Wang Y, Du H, Li Y, Mei F, Hu Y, Xiao L, Ma J and Jia S 2023 Light:Science & Applications 12 50
[23] Hao L, Xue Y, Fan J, Bai J, Jiao Y and Zhao J 2020 Chin. Phys. B 29 033201
[24] Hao L, Xue Y, Fan J, Jiao Y, Zhao J and Jia S 2019 Chin. Phys. B 28 053202
[25] Liu W, Zhang L and Wang T 2023 Chin. Phys. B 32 053203
[26] Liu X B, Jia F D, Zhang H Y, Mei J, Liang W C, Zhou F, Yu Y H, Liu Y, Zhang J, Xie F and Zhong Z P 2022 Chin. Phys. B 31 090703
[27] Liao K Y, Tu H T, Yang S Z, Chen C J, Liu X H, Liang J, Zhang X D, Yan H and Zhu S L 2020 Phys. Rev. A 101 053432
[28] Zhou F, Jia F, Liu X, Yu Y, Mei J, Zhang J, Xie F and Zhong Z 2023 J. Phys. B:Atom. Mol. Opt. Phys. 56 025501
[29] Simons M T, Gordon J A, Holloway C L, Anderson D A, Miller S A and Raithel G 2016 Appl. Phys. Lett. 108 174101
[30] Jia F D, Liu X B, Mei J, Yu Y H, Zhang H Y, Lin Z Q, Dong H Y, Zhang J, Xie F and Zhong Z P 2021 Phys. Rev. A 103 063113
[31] Yuan J, Jin T, Wang L, Xiao L and Jia S 2022 Laser Physics Letters 19 125207
[32] Ripka F, Lui C, Schmidt M, Kubler H and Shaffer J P 2022 Optical and Quantum Sensing and Precision Metrology II
[33] Liu X, Jia F, Zhang H, Mei J, Yu Y, Liang W, Zhang J, Xie F and Zhong Z 2021 AIP Advances 11 085127
[34] Zhou F, Jia F D, Liu X B, Zhang J, Xie F and Zhong Z P 2023 Acta Phys. Sin. 72 045204 (in Chinese)
[35] Han M, Hao H, Song X, Yin Z, Parniak M, Jia Z and Peng Y 2023 EPJ Quantum Technology 10 28
[36] Meyer D H, Cox K C, Fatemi F K and Kunz P D 2018 Appl. Phys. Lett. 112 211108
[37] Prajapati N, Bhusal N, Rotunno A P, Berweger S, Simons M T, Artusio-Glimpse A B, Wang Y J, Bottomley E, Fan H and Holloway C L 2022 arXiv:2211.11848[physics.atom-ph].
[38] Holloway C L, Gordon J A, Jefferts S, Schwarzkopf A, Anderson D A, Miller S A, Thaicharoen N and Raithel G 2014 IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation 62 6169
[39] Holloway C L, Simons M T, Gordon J A, Dienstfrey A, Anderson D A and Raithel G 2017 J. Appl. Phys. 121 233106
[40] Auzinsh M, Budker D and Rochester S 2010 Optically Polarized Atoms:Understanding light-atom interactions
[41] S.Rochester AtomicDensityMatrix, https://www.rochesterscientific.com/.
[42] Jia F, Zhang J, Zhang L, Wang F, Mei J, Yu Y, Zhong Z and Xie F 2020 Appl. Opt. 59 2108
[43] Šibalić N, Pritchard J D, Adams C S and Weatherill K J 2017 Computer Physics Communications 220 319 |
| No Suggested Reading articles found! |
|
|
Viewed |
|
|
|
Full text
|
|
|
|
|
Abstract
|
|
|
|
|
Cited |
|
|
|
|
Altmetric
|
|
blogs
Facebook pages
Wikipedia page
Google+ users
|
Online attention
Altmetric calculates a score based on the online attention an article receives. Each coloured thread in the circle represents a different type of online attention. The number in the centre is the Altmetric score. Social media and mainstream news media are the main sources that calculate the score. Reference managers such as Mendeley are also tracked but do not contribute to the score. Older articles often score higher because they have had more time to get noticed. To account for this, Altmetric has included the context data for other articles of a similar age.
View more on Altmetrics
|
|
|
