Please wait a minute...
Chin. Phys. B, 2015, Vol. 24(11): 117301    DOI: 10.1088/1674-1056/24/11/117301
CONDENSED MATTER: ELECTRONIC STRUCTURE, ELECTRICAL, MAGNETIC, AND OPTICAL PROPERTIES Prev   Next  

Surface states in crystals with low-index surfaces

Wang Hui-Ping (王会平)a, Tao Rui-Bao (陶瑞宝)a b
a State Key Laboratory of Surface Physics and Department of Physics, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China;
b Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
Abstract  

For most of the conventional crystals with low-index surfaces, the hopping between the nearest neighbor (1NN) crystal planes (CPs) is dominant and the ones from the nNN (2≤q < ∞) CPs are relatively weak, considered as small perturbations. The recent theoretical analysis[1] has demonstrated the absence of surface states at the level of the hopping approximation between the 1NN CPs when the original infinite crystal has the geometric reflection symmetry (GRS) for each CP. Meanwhile, based on the perturbation theory, it has also been shown that small perturbations from the hopping between the nNN (2≤n<∞) CPs and surface relaxation have no impact on the above conclusion. However, for the crystals with strong intrinsic spin-orbit coupling (SOC), the dominant terms of intrinsic SOC associate with two 1NN bond hoppings. Thus SOC will significantly contribute the hoppings from the 1NN and/or 2NN CPs except the ones within each CP. Here, we will study the effect of the hopping between the 2NN CPs on the surface states in model crystals with three different type structures (Type I: “…-P-P-P-P-…”, Type II: “…-P-Q-P-Q-” and Type III: “…-P=Q-P=Q-…” where P and Q indicate CPs and the signs “-” and “=” mark the distance between the 1NN CPs). In terms of analytical and numerical calculations, we study the behavior of surface states in three types after the symmetric/asymmetric hopping from the 2NN CPs is added. We analytically prove that the symmetric hopping from the 2NN CPs cannot induce surface states in Type I when each CP has only one electron mode. The numerical calculations also provide strong support for the conclusion, even up to 5NN. However, in general, the coupling from the 2NN CPs (symmetric and asymmetric) is favorable to generate surface states except Type I with single electron mode only.

Keywords:  surface states      transfer matrix method      exact diagonalization method  
Received:  27 June 2015      Revised:  24 August 2015      Accepted manuscript online: 
PACS:  73.20.At (Surface states, band structure, electron density of states)  
  61.50.Ah (Theory of crystal structure, crystal symmetry; calculations and modeling)  
  73.22.Dj (Single particle states)  
Fund: 

Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 11447601) and the National Basic Research Program of China (Grant No. 2011CB921803).

Corresponding Authors:  Wang Hui-Ping     E-mail:  hp_wang@fudan.edu.cn

Cite this article: 

Wang Hui-Ping (王会平), Tao Rui-Bao (陶瑞宝) Surface states in crystals with low-index surfaces 2015 Chin. Phys. B 24 117301

[1] Wang H P, Gao T T and Tao R B;2015 Sci. Rep. 5 8679
[2] Lai X, Zhang X, Zhang Y X and Xiang G;2015 Chin. Phys. Lett. 32 27301
[3] Yan J, Xu W Y, Guo H, Gong Y, Mi Y M and Zhao X X;2015 Acta Phys. Sin. 64 016802 (in Chinese)
[4] Zhou B, Lu H Z, Chu R L, Shen S Q and Niu Q;2008 Phys. Rev. Lett. 101 246807
[5] Li W, Zang J and Jiang Y 2011 Phys. Rev. B 84 033409
[6] Thouless D J, Kohmoto M, Nightingale M P and Nijs M D 1982 Phys.Rev. Lett. 49 405
[7] Haldane F D M;1988 Phys. Rev. Lett. 61 2015
[8] Kane C L and Mele E J;2005 Phys. Rev. Lett. 95 146802
[9] Kane C L and Mele E J;2005 Phys. Rev.Lett. 95 226801
[10] Bernevig B A, Hughes T L and Zhang S C;2006 Science 314 1757
[11] Liu C, Hughes T L, Qi X L, Wang K and Zhang S C;2008 Phys. Rev. Lett. 100 236601
[12] Fu L, Kane C L and Mele E J;2007 Phys. Rev. Lett. 98 106803
[13] Zhang H, Liu C X, Qi X L, Dai X, Fang Z and Zhang S C;2009 Nat. Phys. 5 438
[14] Qi X L and Zhang S C;2011 Rev. Mod. Phys. 83 1057
[15] Northrup J E;1986 Phys. Rev. Lett. 57 154
[16] Fan W C and Ignatiev A;1989 Phys. Rev. B 40 5479
[17] Kitaev A and Preskill J;2006 Phys. Rev. Lett. 96 110404
[18] Levin M and Wen X G;2006 Phys. Rev. Lett. 96 110405
[19] Heifets E, Eglitis R I, Kotomin E A, Maier J and Borstel G;2002 Surf. Sci. 513 211
[20] Piskunov S, Kotomin E, Heifets E, Maier J, Eglitis R I and Borstel G 2005 Surf. Sci. 575 75
[21] Ho W, Cunningham S L, Weinberg W H and Dobrzynski L 1975 Phys. Rev. B 12 3027
[22] Mostoller M and Rajagopal A K;1982 Phys. Rev. B 25 6168
[23] Lee D H and Joannopoulos J D;1981 Phys. Rev. B 23 4997
[24] Lee D H and Joannopoulos J D;1981 Phys. Rev. B 23 4988
[25] Zhao Y Y, Li W and Tao R B;2012 Chin. Phys. B 21 027302
[26] Zhao Y Y, Li W and Tao R B;2012 Physica B 407 724
[1] Nonreciprocal wide-angle bidirectional absorber based on one-dimensional magnetized gyromagnetic photonic crystals
You-Ming Liu(刘又铭), Yuan-Kun Shi(史源坤), Ban-Fei Wan(万宝飞), Dan Zhang(张丹), and Hai-Feng Zhang(章海锋). Chin. Phys. B, 2023, 32(4): 044203.
[2] Chiral symmetry protected topological nodal superconducting phase and Majorana Fermi arc
Mei-Ling Lu(卢美玲), Yao Wang(王瑶), He-Zhi Zhang(张鹤之), Hao-Lin Chen(陈昊林), Tian-Yuan Cui(崔天元), and Xi Luo(罗熙). Chin. Phys. B, 2023, 32(2): 027301.
[3] Exploring Majorana zero modes in iron-based superconductors
Geng Li(李更), Shiyu Zhu(朱诗雨), Peng Fan(范朋), Lu Cao(曹路), and Hong-Jun Gao(高鸿钧). Chin. Phys. B, 2022, 31(8): 080301.
[4] Self-screening of the polarized electric field in wurtzite gallium nitride along [0001] direction
Qiu-Ling Qiu(丘秋凌), Shi-Xu Yang(杨世旭), Qian-Shu Wu(吴千树), Cheng-Lang Li(黎城朗), Qi Zhang(张琦), Jin-Wei Zhang(张津玮), Zhen-Xing Liu(刘振兴), Yuan-Tao Zhang(张源涛), and Yang Liu(刘扬). Chin. Phys. B, 2022, 31(4): 047103.
[5] Determination of the surface states from the ultrafast electronic states in a thermoelectric material
Tongyao Wu(吴桐尧), Hongyuan Wang(王洪远), Yuanyuan Yang(杨媛媛), Shaofeng Duan(段绍峰), Chaozhi Huang(黄超之), Tianwei Tang(唐天威), Yanfeng Guo(郭艳峰), Weidong Luo(罗卫东), and Wentao Zhang(张文涛). Chin. Phys. B, 2022, 31(2): 027902.
[6] Passivation of PEA+ to MAPbI3 (110) surface states by first-principles calculations
Wei Hu(胡伟), Ying Tian(田颖), Hong-Tao Xue(薛红涛), Wen-Sheng Li(李文生), and Fu-Ling Tang(汤富领). Chin. Phys. B, 2021, 30(4): 047101.
[7] Distribution of donor states on the surfaceof AlGaN/GaN heterostructures
Yue-Bo Liu(柳月波), Hong-Hui Liu(刘红辉), Jun-Yu Shen(沈俊宇), Wan-Qing Yao(姚婉青), Feng-Ge Wang(王风格), Yuan Ren(任远), Min-Jie Zhang(张敏杰), Zhi-Sheng Wu(吴志盛), Yang Liu(刘扬), and Bai-Jun Zhang(张佰君). Chin. Phys. B, 2021, 30(12): 128102.
[8] Abnormal phenomenon of source-drain current of AlGaN/GaN heterostructure device under UV/visible light irradiation
Yue-Bo Liu(柳月波), Jun-Yu Shen(沈俊宇), Jie-Ying Xing(邢洁莹), Wan-Qing Yao(姚婉青), Hong-Hui Liu(刘红辉), Ya-Qiong Dai(戴雅琼), Long-Kun Yang(杨隆坤), Feng-Ge Wang(王风格), Yuan Ren(任远), Min-Jie Zhang(张敏杰), Zhi-Sheng Wu(吴志盛), Yang Liu(刘扬), and Bai-Jun Zhang(张佰君). Chin. Phys. B, 2021, 30(11): 117302.
[9] Edge states enhanced by long-range hopping: An analytical study
Huiping Wang(王会平), Li Ren(任莉), Liguo Qin(秦立国), and Yueyin Qiu(邱岳寅). Chin. Phys. B, 2021, 30(10): 107301.
[10] Impact vibration properties of locally resonant fluid-conveying pipes
Bing Hu(胡兵), Fu-Lei Zhu(朱付磊), Dian-Long Yu(郁殿龙), Jiang-Wei Liu(刘江伟), Zhen-Fang Zhang(张振方), Jie Zhong(钟杰), and Ji-Hong Wen(温激鸿). Chin. Phys. B, 2020, 29(12): 124301.
[11] Surface states modulated exchange interaction in Bi2Se3/thulium iron garnet heterostructures
Hai-Bin Shi(石海滨), Li-Qin Yan(闫丽琴), Yang-Tao Su(苏仰涛), Li Wang(王力), Xin-Yu Cao(曹昕宇), Lin-Zhu Bi(毕林竹), Yang Meng(孟洋), Yang Sun(孙阳), and Hong-Wu Zhao(赵宏武). Chin. Phys. B, 2020, 29(11): 117302.
[12] Electronic structure of correlated topological insulator candidate YbB6 studied by photoemission and quantum oscillation
T Zhang(张腾), G Li(李岗), S C Sun(孙淑翠), N Qin(秦娜), L Kang(康璐), S H Yao(姚淑华), H M Weng(翁红明), S K Mo, L Li(李璐), Z K Liu(柳仲楷), L X Yang(杨乐仙), Y L Chen(陈宇林). Chin. Phys. B, 2020, 29(1): 017304.
[13] Measurement of the bulk and surface bands in Dirac line-node semimetal ZrSiS
Guang-Hao Hong(洪光昊), Cheng-Wei Wang(王成玮), Juan Jiang(姜娟), Cheng Chen(陈成), Sheng-Tao Cui(崔胜涛), Hai-Feng Yang(杨海峰), Ai-Ji Liang(梁爱基), Shuai Liu(刘帅), Yang-Yang Lv(吕洋洋), Jian Zhou(周健), Yan-Bin Chen(陈延彬), Shu-Hua Yao(姚淑华), Ming-Hui Lu(卢明辉), Yan-Feng Chen(陈延峰), Mei-Xiao Wang(王美晓), Le-Xian Yang(杨乐仙), Zhong-Kai Liu(柳仲楷), Yu-Lin Chen(陈宇林). Chin. Phys. B, 2018, 27(1): 017105.
[14] Impurity effect on surface states of Bi (111) ultrathin films
Kai Zhu(朱凯), Dai Tian(田岱), Lin Wu(伍琳), Jianli Xu(许建丽), Xiaofeng Jin(金晓峰). Chin. Phys. B, 2016, 25(8): 087303.
[15] Influence of surface states on deep level transient spectroscopy in AlGaN/GaN heterostructure
Qing Zhu(朱青), Xiao-Hua Ma(马晓华), Wei-Wei Chen(陈伟伟), Bin Hou(侯斌), Jie-Jie Zhu(祝杰杰), Meng Zhang(张濛), Li-Xiang Chen(陈丽香), Yan-Rong Cao(曹艳荣), Yue Hao(郝跃). Chin. Phys. B, 2016, 25(6): 067305.
No Suggested Reading articles found!