| SPECIAL TOPIC — Quantum communication and quantum network |
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Continuous-variable quantum secure direct communication with one-time pad |
| Yi-Yu Mao(毛宜钰)1, Chang-Hua Hu(胡昌华)2, Wen-Ti Huang(黄文体)3, Wei Zhao(赵微)4, and Lei Chen(陈磊)5,† |
1 School of Physics and Electronic Science, Changsha University of Science and Technology, Changsha 410114, China;
2 School of Computer Science and Technology, Changsha University of Science and Technology, Changsha 410114, China;
3 School of Computer Science and Engineering, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan 411201, China;
4 Shandong Computer Science Center (National Supercomputer Center in Jinan), Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250316, China;
5 PT. Sinotrans CSC Indonesia, Jakarta 12940, Indonesia |
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Abstract Quantum secure direct communication (QSDC) enables the direct transmission of secret messages over a quantum channel without prior key sharing. QSDC implemented in the continuous-variable (CV) regime allows high-capacity information transmission using simple optical communication technologies. In this work, we propose a novel CV-QSDC protocol with a quantum one-time pad, which achieves secure message transmission based on coherent states and unitary operations, and the receiver can directly obtain the secret messages after measuring the coherent states. The security of this protocol is jointly guaranteed by one-time pad encryption and a CV quantum key distribution (QKD) protocol. Performance analysis shows that the proposed scheme can achieve a quantum bit error rate (QBER) lower than 1% by adjusting the modulation variance and unitary operation parameters. With the optimal modulation variance, the secure transmission distance of the proposed protocol can exceed 150 km.
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Received: 12 August 2025
Revised: 27 October 2025
Accepted manuscript online: 28 October 2025
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PACS:
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03.67.Hk
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(Quantum communication)
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03.67.Dd
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(Quantum cryptography and communication security)
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| Fund: This work is supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 62402178 and 62501084), the Shandong Provincial Natural Science Foundation (Grant No. ZR2024QF285), and the Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences) Major Project (Grant No. 2025ZDZX02). |
Corresponding Authors:
Lei Chen
E-mail: chenlei2025@foxmail.com
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Cite this article:
Yi-Yu Mao(毛宜钰), Chang-Hua Hu(胡昌华), Wen-Ti Huang(黄文体), Wei Zhao(赵微), and Lei Chen(陈磊) Continuous-variable quantum secure direct communication with one-time pad 2026 Chin. Phys. B 35 040302
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