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Terahertz time-domain spectroscopy to probe laser-excited spin currents in a Co/Gd system |
| Fan Zhang(张帆)1, Bin Hong(洪宾)2, Michel Hehn3, Rongqing Zhao(赵戎庆)1,4, Gregory Malinowski3, Yong Xu(许涌)4,†, Stéphane Mangin3, Jon Gorchon3,‡, and Weisheng Zhao(赵巍胜)1,4 |
1 Hefei Innovation Research Institute, Beihang University, Hefei 230013, China;
2 Center of Free Electron Laser & High Magnetic Field, Institute of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, China;
3 Université de Lorraine, CNRS, IJL, F-54000 Nancy, France;
4 Fert Beijing Institute, School of Integrated Circuit Science and Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China |
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Abstract Single shot all-optical switching of the magnetization by femtosecond laser pulses in rare-earth transition-metal ferrimagnetic materials is particularly promising for future ultrafast magnetic storage applications. Moreover, ultrafast laser-generated spin currents appear to play an important role in the switching process. Here, we try to separately detect the spin current from Gd in a Co/Gd bilayer system using terahertz time-domain spectroscopy. To this aim, we use different capping, buffer and embedded layers in order to tune the spin-to-charge and spin-current propagation and identify currents from each of the layers. We attribute the observed THz emission in all layers to the transition metal demagnetization induced spin currents, and detect no contribution from the Gd demagnetization. We attribute this absence of Gd-induced THz signal to the potentially slow demagnetization of Gd, which shift the emission spectra to lower frequencies, below our detection capabilities. These results highlight the limitations in using materials suffering from the so-called critical slowdown for the optimization of spintronic THz emitters.
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Received: 02 May 2025
Revised: 14 June 2025
Accepted manuscript online: 27 June 2025
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PACS:
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67.30.hj
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(Spin dynamics)
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85.75.-d
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(Magnetoelectronics; spintronics: devices exploiting spin polarized transport or integrated magnetic fields)
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75.78.Jp
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(Ultrafast magnetization dynamics and switching)
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| Fund: Project supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China (Grant No. 2023YFF0719200), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 62105011), and the French National Research Agency ANR through the UFO project (Grant No. ANR-20-CE09-0013), the SLAM project (Grant No. ANR-23-CE30-0047), the MAT-PULSE-Lorraine Université d’Excellence project (Grant No. ANR-15-IDEX-04-LUE), and through the France 2030 Government Grants PEPR Electronic EMCOM (Grant No. ANR-22-PEEL-0009). |
Corresponding Authors:
Yong Xu, Jon Gorchon
E-mail: yongxu@buaa.edu.cn;jon.gorchon@univ-lorraine.fr
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Cite this article:
Fan Zhang(张帆), Bin Hong(洪宾), Michel Hehn, Rongqing Zhao(赵戎庆), Gregory Malinowski, Yong Xu(许涌), Stéphane Mangin, Jon Gorchon, and Weisheng Zhao(赵巍胜) Terahertz time-domain spectroscopy to probe laser-excited spin currents in a Co/Gd system 2025 Chin. Phys. B 34 126701
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