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Dynamical structure factor and a new method to measure the pairing gap in two-dimensional attractive Fermi–Hubbard model |
| Huaisong Zhao(赵怀松)1, Feng Yuan(袁峰)1,†, Tianxing Ma(马天星)2,‡, and Peng Zou(邹鹏)1,§ |
1 Centre for Theoretical and Computational Physics, College of Physics, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China;
2 School of Physics and Astronomy, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China |
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Abstract The measurement of the pairing gap is crucial for investigating the physical properties of superconductors or superfluids. We propose a strategy to measure the pairing gap through the dynamical excitations. With the random phase approximation (RPA), we study the dynamical excitations of a two-dimensional attractive Fermi–Hubbard model by calculating its dynamical structure factor. Two distinct collective modes emerge: a Goldstone phonon mode at transferred momentum q = [0,0] and a roton mode at q = [π,π]. The roton mode exhibits a sharp molecular peak in the low-energy regime. Notably, the area under the roton molecular peak scales with the square of the pairing gap, which holds even in three-dimensional and spin–orbit coupled (SOC) optical lattices. This finding suggests an experimental approach to measure the pairing gap in lattice systems by analyzing the dynamical structure factor at q = [π,π].
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Received: 08 August 2025
Revised: 08 August 2025
Accepted manuscript online: 15 August 2025
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PACS:
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71.10.Fd
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(Lattice fermion models (Hubbard model, etc.))
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03.75.Kk
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(Dynamic properties of condensates; collective and hydrodynamic excitations, superfluid flow)
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67.85.-d
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(Ultracold gases, trapped gases)
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| Fund: This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China [Grant Nos. U23A2073 (P.Z.) and 11547034 (H.Z.)]. |
Corresponding Authors:
Feng Yuan, Tianxing Ma, Peng Zou
E-mail: yuan@qdu.edu.cn;txma@bnu.edu.cn;phy.zoupeng@gmail.com
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Cite this article:
Huaisong Zhao(赵怀松), Feng Yuan(袁峰), Tianxing Ma(马天星), and Peng Zou(邹鹏) Dynamical structure factor and a new method to measure the pairing gap in two-dimensional attractive Fermi–Hubbard model 2025 Chin. Phys. B 34 117102
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