An efficient and flexible excitation method of gourd-shaped closed-loop high temperature superconducting stacked magnets

doi:10.1088/1674-1056/ae1de7

Abstract Gourd-shaped closed-loop high-temperature superconducting (HTS) stacked magnets are excited by the field cooling (FC) method and can operate in persistent current mode (PCM). While the FC method enables stable PCM operation, its efficiency is limited, and real-time magnetic field adjustment is challenging. According to the law of flux conservation of a superconducting closed loop, an efficient and flexible excitation method is proposed. That is, after the FC excitation process, a reverse current is passed through the excitation coil to generate a reverse magnetic flux, thereby stimulating the magnet to generate a higher magnetic field. Moreover, the magnetic field can be flexibly adjusted by changing the excitation current during the operation of the magnet. Taking the single gourd-shaped HTS plate as the research object, the feasibility of the proposed excitation method is verified through finite element simulations and experiments. The excitation effects of the two methods under the same excitation conditions are compared, and the relationship between magnetic flux density and excitation current is obtained. Results show that the proposed excitation method can stimulate the gourd-shaped HTS magnet to generate a high-intensity magnetic field, and the magnetic field of a single HTS plate is increased by 99.1% compared with that of the FC method under the same excitation conditions. Additionally, the magnetic field intensity can be flexibly adjusted as needed by changing the excitation current during operation.

Keywords: high temperature superconducting magnet magnetic flux conservation field cooling method excitation efficiency

Received: 15 July 2025
Revised: 06 November 2025
Accepted manuscript online: 11 November 2025

PACS:	74.25.Ha	(Magnetic properties including vortex structures and related phenomena)
	84.71.Ba	(Superconducting magnets; magnetic levitation devices)
	85.25.-j	(Superconducting devices)

Fund: Project supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China (Grant No. 2024YFB2409200).

Corresponding Authors: Yin-Shun Wang
E-mail: yswang@ncepu.edu.cn

Cite this article:

Yan-Chen Shi(时雁晨), Yin-Shun Wang(王银顺), Hao-Ran Dong(董浩然), Jun-Hao Liang(梁峻豪), and Yu-Han Liu(刘雨涵) An efficient and flexible excitation method of gourd-shaped closed-loop high temperature superconducting stacked magnets 2026 Chin. Phys. B 35 077401

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An efficient and flexible excitation method of gourd-shaped closed-loop high temperature superconducting stacked magnets

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