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Micro-mechanism study of the effect of Cd-free buffer layers ZnXO (X=Mg/Sn) on the performance of flexible Cu2ZnSn(S, Se)4 solar cell |
| Caixia Zhang(张彩霞)1,2,†, Yaling Li(李雅玲)1, Beibei Lin(林蓓蓓)1, Jianlong Tang(唐建龙)1, Quanzhen Sun(孙全震)1, Weihao Xie(谢暐昊)1, Hui Deng(邓辉)1, Qiao Zheng(郑巧)1, and Shuying Cheng(程树英)1,2,‡ |
1 College of Physics and Information Engineering, and Institute of Micro-Nano Devices and Solar Cells, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, China;
2 Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Photovoltaic Science and Engineering, Changzhou 213164, China |
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Abstract The traditional CdS buffer layers in flexible CZTSSe solar cells lead to light absorption losses and environmental pollution problems. Therefore, the study of Cd-free buffer layer is very important for the realization of environmentally friendly and efficient CZTSSe solar cells. The Zn$_{1-x}$Mg$_{x}$O (ZnMgO) and Zn$_{1-x}$Sn$_{x}$O (ZnSnO) alternate buffer layers are studied in this study using the simulation package solar cell capacitance simulator (SCAPS-1D) numerical simulation model, and the theoretical analysis is further verified by the results of the experiments. We simulate the performance of CZTSSe/Zn$X$O ($X={\rm Mg/Sn}$) heterojunction devices with different Mg/(Zn$+$Mg) and Sn/(Zn$+$Sn) ratios and analyze the intrinsic mechanism of the effect of conduction band offsets (CBO) on the device performance. The simulation results show that the CZTSSe/Zn$X$O ($X={\rm Mg/Sn}$) devices achieve optimal performance with a small "spike" band or "flat" band at Mg and Sn doping concentrations of 0.1 and 0.2, respectively. To investigate the potential of Zn$_{0.9}$Mg$_{0.1}$O and Zn$_{0.8}$Sn$_{0.2}$O as alternative buffer layers, carrier concentrations and thicknesses are analyzed. The simulation demonstrates that the Zn$_{0.9}$Mg$_{0.1}$O device with low carrier concentration has a high resistivity, serious carrier recombination, and a greater impact on performance from thickness variation. Numerical simulations and experimental results show the potential of the ZnSnO buffer layer as an alternative to toxic CdS, and the ZnMgO layer has the limitation as a substitute buffer layer. This paper provides the theoretical basis and experimental proof for further searching for a suitable flexible CZTSSe Cd-free buffer layer.
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Received: 02 September 2022
Revised: 12 October 2022
Accepted manuscript online: 19 October 2022
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PACS:
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88.40.jn
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(Thin film Cu-based I-III-VI2 solar cells)
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88.40.fc
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(Modeling and analysis)
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88.40.ff
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(Performance testing)
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88.40.hj
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(Efficiency and performance of solar cells)
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| Fund: Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 62074037 and 52002073) and the Fund from the Fujian Science & Technology Innovation Laboratory for Optoelectronic Information of China (Grant No. 2021ZZ124). The authors also thank Testing Center of Fuzhou University for facility access. |
Corresponding Authors:
Caixia Zhang, Shuying Cheng
E-mail: zhangcx@fzu.edu.cn;sycheng@fzu.edu.cn
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Cite this article:
Caixia Zhang(张彩霞), Yaling Li(李雅玲), Beibei Lin(林蓓蓓), Jianlong Tang(唐建龙), Quanzhen Sun(孙全震), Weihao Xie(谢暐昊), Hui Deng(邓辉), Qiao Zheng(郑巧), and Shuying Cheng(程树英) Micro-mechanism study of the effect of Cd-free buffer layers ZnXO (X=Mg/Sn) on the performance of flexible Cu2ZnSn(S, Se)4 solar cell 2023 Chin. Phys. B 32 028801
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