Steganalysis and improvement of a quantum steganography protocol via GHZ4 state

doi:10.1088/1674-1056/22/6/060307

Abstract Quantum steganography that utilizes quantum mechanical effect to achieve the purpose of information hiding is a popular topic of quantum information. Recently, El Allati et al. proposed a new quantum steganography using GHZ₄ state. Since all of the 8 groups of unitary transformations used in the secret message encoding rule change the GHZ₄ state into 6 instead of 8 different quantum states when the global phase is not considered, we point out that a 2-bit instead of a 3-bit secret message can be encoded by one group of the given unitary transformations. To encode a 3-bit secret message by performing a group of unitary transformations on the GHZ₄ state, we give another 8 groups of unitary transformations that can change the GHZ₄ state into 8 different quantum states. Due to the symmetry of the GHZ₄ state, all the possible 16 groups of unitary transformations change the GHZ₄ state into 8 different quantum states, so the improved protocol achieves a high efficiency.

Keywords: quantum steganography GHZ₄ entangled state quantum cryptography quantum communication

Received: 07 November 2012
Revised: 24 December 2012
Accepted manuscript online:

PACS:	03.67.Dd	(Quantum cryptography and communication security)
	03.67.-a	(Quantum information)
	03.65.-w	(Quantum mechanics)
	03.67.Hk	(Quantum communication)

Fund: Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 61170272, 61272514, 61003287, and 61070163), the Specialized Research Fund for the Doctoral Program of Higher Education of China (Grant No. 20100005120002), the Fok Ying Tong Education Foundation (Grant No. 131067), the Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province, China (Grant No. ZR2011FM023), the Outstanding Research Award Fund for Young Scientists of Shandong Province, China (Grant No. BS2011DX034), and the Fundamental Research Funds for Central Universities of China (Grant No. BUPT2012RC0221).

Corresponding Authors: Chen Xiu-Bo
E-mail: flyover100@163.com

Cite this article:

Xu Shu-Jiang (徐淑奖), Chen Xiu-Bo (陈秀波), Niu Xin-Xin (钮心忻), Yang Yi-Xian (杨义光) Steganalysis and improvement of a quantum steganography protocol via GHZ₄ state 2013 Chin. Phys. B 22 060307

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Steganalysis and improvement of a quantum steganography protocol via GHZ4 state

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Steganalysis and improvement of a quantum steganography protocol via GHZ₄ state