Quantum private comparison of arbitrary single qubit states based on swap test
Xi Huang(黄曦)1,2, Yan Chang(昌燕)1,2, Wen Cheng(程稳)1,2, Min Hou(侯敏)1,2, and Shi-Bin Zhang(张仕斌)1,2,†
1 School of Cybersecurity, Chengdu University of Information Technology, Chengdu 610225, China; 2 Sichuan Key Laboratory of Advanced Cryptography and System Security, Chengdu 610225, China
Abstract By using swap test, a quantum private comparison (QPC) protocol of arbitrary single qubit states with a semi-honest third party is proposed. The semi-honest third party (TP) is required to help two participants perform the comparison. She can record intermediate results and do some calculations in the whole process of the protocol execution, but she cannot conspire with any of participants. In the process of comparison, the TP cannot get two participants' private information except the comparison results. According to the security analysis, the proposed protocol can resist both outsider attacks and participants' attacks. Compared with the existing QPC protocols, the proposed one does not require any entanglement swapping technology, but it can compare two participants' qubits by performing swap test, which is easier to implement with current technology. Meanwhile, the proposed protocol can compare secret integers. It encodes secret integers into the amplitude of quantum state rather than transfer them as binary representations, and the encoded quantum state is compared by performing the swap test. Additionally, the proposed QPC protocol is extended to the QPC of arbitrary single qubit states by using multi-qubit swap test.
Fund: Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 62076042), the Key Research and Development Project of Sichuan Province, China (Grant Nos. 2020YFG0307 and 2021YFSY0012), the Key Research and Development Project of Chengdu Municipality, China (Grant No. 2019-YF05-02028-GX), the Innovation Team of Quantum Security Communication of Sichuan Province, China (Grant No. 17TD0009), and the Academic and Technical Leaders Training Funding Support Projects of Sichuan Province, China (Grant No. 2016120080102643).
Xi Huang(黄曦), Yan Chang(昌燕), Wen Cheng(程稳), Min Hou(侯敏), and Shi-Bin Zhang(张仕斌) Quantum private comparison of arbitrary single qubit states based on swap test 2022 Chin. Phys. B 31 040303
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