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Synthesis of nitrogen-doped single-walled carbon nanotubes and monitoring of doping by Raman spectroscopy |
| Wu Mu-Honga b, Li Xiaoc, Pan Dingb, Liu Leib, Yang Xiao-Xiab, Xu Zhib, Wang Wen-Longb, Sui Yua, Bai Xue-Dongb |
a Department of Physics, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China;
b Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China;
c International Center for Quantum Materials, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China |
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Abstract Nitrogen-doped single-walled carbon nanotubes (CNx-SWNTs) with tunable dopant concentrations were synthesized by chemical vapor deposition (CVD), and their structure and elemental composition were characterized by using transmission electron microscopy (TEM) in combination with electron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS). By comparing the Raman spectra of pristine and doped nanotubes, we observed the doping-induced Raman G band phonon stiffening and 2D band phonon softening, both of which reflect doping-induced renormalization of the electron and phonon energies in the nanotubes and behave as expected in accord with the n-type doping effect. On the basis of first principles calculations of the distribution of delocalized carrier density in both the pristine and doped nanotubes, we show how the n-type doping occurs when nitrogen heteroatoms are substitutionally incorporated into the honeycomb tube-shell carbon lattice.
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Received: 23 April 2013
Revised: 20 May 2013
Published: 27 June 2013
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PACS:
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61.48.De
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(Structure of carbon nanotubes, boron nanotubes, and other related systems)
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81.15.Gh
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(Chemical vapor deposition (including plasma-enhanced CVD, MOCVD, ALD, etc.))
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63.22.Gh
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(Nanotubes and nanowires)
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78.30.Na
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(Fullerenes and related materials)
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| Fund: Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 11004230, 51172273, 11290161, and 11027402), the National Key Basic Research Program of China (Grant Nos. 2012CB933003 and 2013CB932603), and the Innovative Project of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (Grant No. KJCX2-YW-W35). |
Corresponding Authors:
Wang Wen-Long, Sui Yu, Bai Xue-Dong
E-mail: wwl@aphy.iphy.ac.cn; suiyu@hit.edu.cn; xdbai@aphy.iphy.ac.cn
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Cite this article:
Wu Mu-Hong, Li Xiao, Pan Ding, Liu Lei, Yang Xiao-Xia, Xu Zhi, Wang Wen-Long, Sui Yu, Bai Xue-Dong Synthesis of nitrogen-doped single-walled carbon nanotubes and monitoring of doping by Raman spectroscopy 2013 Chin. Phys. B 22 086101
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