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Chin. Phys. B, 2024, Vol. 33(9): 098102    DOI: 10.1088/1674-1056/ad5aec
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Diamond-based electron emission: Structure, properties and mechanisms

Liang-Xue Gu(顾梁雪), Kai Yang(杨凯), Yan Teng(滕妍), Wei-Kang Zhao(赵伟康), Geng-You Zhao(赵耕右), Kang-Kang Fan(凡康康), Bo Feng(冯博), Rong Zhang(张荣), You-Dou Zheng(郑有炓), Jian-Dong Ye(叶建东), Shun-Ming Zhu(朱顺明), Kun Tang(汤琨)†, and Shu-Lin Gu(顾书林)‡
School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210046, China
Abstract  Diamond has an ultrawide bandgap with excellent physical properties, such as high critical electric field, excellent thermal conductivity, high carrier mobility, etc. Diamond with a hydrogen-terminated (H-terminated) surface has a negative elaffinity (NEA) and can easily produce surface electrons from valence or trapped electrons via optical absorption, thermal heating energy or carrier transport in a PN junction. The NEA of the H-terminated surface enables surface electrons to emit with high efficiency into the vacuum without encountering additional barriers and promotes further development and application of diamond-based emitting devices. This article reviews the electron emission properties of H-terminated diamond surfaces exhibiting NEA characteristics. The electron emission is induced by different physical mechanisms. Recent advancements in electron-emitting devices based on diamond are also summarized. Finally, the current challenges and future development opportunities are discussed to further develop the relevant applications of diamond-based electron-emitting devices.
Keywords:  diamond      negative electron affinity (NEA)      PN junction      electron emission  
Received:  11 April 2024      Revised:  06 June 2024      Accepted manuscript online:  24 June 2024
PACS:  81.15.Gh (Chemical vapor deposition (including plasma-enhanced CVD, MOCVD, ALD, etc.))  
  81.05.ug (Diamond)  
  07.30.Bx (Degasification, residual gas)  
  07.30.Kf (Vacuum chambers, auxiliary apparatus, and materials)  
Fund: This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 62274084) and the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (Grant No. 0210-14380193).
Corresponding Authors:  Kun Tang, Shu-Lin Gu     E-mail:  ktang@nju.edu.cn;slgu@nju.edu.cn

Cite this article: 

Liang-Xue Gu(顾梁雪), Kai Yang(杨凯), Yan Teng(滕妍), Wei-Kang Zhao(赵伟康), Geng-You Zhao(赵耕右), Kang-Kang Fan(凡康康), Bo Feng(冯博), Rong Zhang(张荣), You-Dou Zheng(郑有炓), Jian-Dong Ye(叶建东), Shun-Ming Zhu(朱顺明), Kun Tang(汤琨), and Shu-Lin Gu(顾书林) Diamond-based electron emission: Structure, properties and mechanisms 2024 Chin. Phys. B 33 098102

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