Origin of itinerant ferromagnetism in two-dimensional Fe3GeTe2

doi:10.1088/1674-1056/abd164

Abstract Magnetic order in two-dimensional systems was not supposed to exist at finite temperature. In recent years, the successful preparation of two-dimensional ferromagnetic materials such as CrI₃, Cr₂Ge₂Te₆, and Fe₃GeTe₂ opens up a new chapter in the remarkable field of two-dimensional materials. Here, we report on a theoretical analysis of the stability of ferromagnetism in Fe₃GeTe₂. We uncover the mechanism of holding long-range magnetic order and propose a model to estimate the Curie temperature of Fe₃GeTe₂. Our results reveal the essential role of magnetic anisotropy in maintaining the magnetic order of two-dimensional systems. The theoretical method used here can be generalized to future research of other magnetic two-dimensional systems.

Keywords: two-dimensional (2D) ferromagnetism spin wave magnetic anisotropy

Received: 21 September 2020
Revised: 30 November 2020
Accepted manuscript online: 08 December 2020

PACS:	75.70.Ak	(Magnetic properties of monolayers and thin films)
	75.10.Jm	(Quantized spin models, including quantum spin frustration)

Fund: Project supported by the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities, China (Grant No. XJS200503) and the Post-Doctoral Research Project of Shaanxi Province, China.

Corresponding Authors: ^†Corresponding author. E-mail: zzlin@xidian.edu.cn

Cite this article:

Xi Chen(陈熙), Zheng-Zhe Lin(林正喆), and Li-Rong Cheng(程丽蓉) Origin of itinerant ferromagnetism in two-dimensional Fe₃GeTe₂ 2021 Chin. Phys. B 30 047502

1 Huang B, Clark G, Navarro-Moratalla E, Klein D R, Cheng R, Seyler K L, Zhong D, Schmidgall E, McGuire M A, Cobden D H, Yao W, Xiao D, Jarillo-Herrero P and Xu X D 2017 Nature 546 270
2 Pan L, Wen H, Huang L, Chen L, Deng H X, Xia J B and Wei Z 2019 Chin. Phys. B 28 107504
3 Zhao L S, Chen C P, Liu L L, Yu H X, Chen Y and Wang X C 2018 Chin. Phys. B 27 016301
4 Kang K, Lee K H, Han Y, Gao H, Xie S, Muller D A and Park J 2017 Nature 550 229
5 Li M Y, Shi Y, Cheng C C, Lu L S, Lin Y C, Tang H L, Tsai M L, Chu C W, Wei K H, He J H, Chang W H, Suenaga K and Li L J 2015 Science 349 524
6 Ribeiro-Palau R, Zhang C, Watanabe K, Taniguchi T, Hone J and Dean C R 2018 Science 361 690
7 Xu W, Liu W, Schmidt J F, Zhao W, Lu X, Raab T, Diederichs C, Gao W, Seletskiy D V and Xiong Q 2017 Nature 541 62
8 Yu Z, Ong Z Y, Li S, Xu J B, Zhang G, Zhang Y W, Shi Y and Wang X 2017 Adv. Func. Mat. 27 1604093
9 Yuan J H, Chen N, Mo H, Zhang Y and Zhang Z H 2016 Chin. Phys. Lett. 33 037302
10 Mermin N D and Wagner H 1966 Phys. Rev. Lett. 17 1133
11 Jiang P, Wang C, Chen D, Zhong Z, Yuan Z, Lu Z Y and Ji W 2019 Phys. Rev. B 99 144401
12 Kim H H, Yang B, Patel T, Sfigakis F, Li C, Tian S, Lei H and Tsen A W 2018 Nano Lett. 18 4885
13 Song T, Cai X, Tu M W Y, Zhang X, Huang B, Wilson N P, Seyler K L, Zhu L, Taniguchi T, Watanabe K, McGuire M A, Cobden D H, Xiao D, Yao W and Xu X 2018 Science 360 1214
14 Wang Z, Gutierrez-Lezama I, Ubrig N, Kroner M, Gibertini M, Taniguchi T, Watanabe K, Imamoglu A, Giannini E and Morpurgo A F 2018 Nat. Commun. 9 2516
15 Sivadas N, Okamoto S, Xu X, Fennie C J and Xiao D 2018 Nano Lett. 18 7658
16 Gong C, Li L, Li Z, Ji H, Stern A, Xia Y, Cao T, Bao W, Wang C, Wang Y, Qiu Z Q, Cava R J, Louie S G, Xia J and Zhang X 2017 Nature 546 265
17 Zhang J, Cai X, Xia W, Liang A, Huang J, Wang C, Yang L, Yuan H, Chen Y, Zhang S, Guo Y, Liu Z and Li G 2019 Phys. Rev. Lett. 123 047203
18 Deng Y, Yu Y, Song Y, Zhang J, Wang N Z, Sun Z, Yi Y, Wu Y Z, Wu S, Zhu J, Wang J, Chen X H and Zhang Y 2018 Nature 563 94
19 Wang Z, Sapkota D, Taniguchi T, Watanabe K, Mandrus D and Morpurgo A F 2018 Nano Lett. 18 4303
20 Chen B, Yang J, Wang H, Imai M, Ohta H, Michioka C, Yoshimura K and Fang M 2013 J. Phys. Soc. Jpn. 82 124711
21 Deiseroth H J, Aleksandrov K, Reiner C, Kienle L and Kremer R K 2006 Eur. J. Inorg. Chem. 8 1561
22 May A F, Calder S, Cantoni C, Cao H and McGuire M A 2016 Phys. Rev. B 93 014411
23 Tian C K, Wang C, Ji W, Wang J C, Xia T L, Wang L, Liu J J, Zhang H X and Cheng P 2019 Phys. Rev. B 99 184428
24 Fei Z Y, Huang B, Malinowski P, Wang W B, Song T C, Sanchez J, Yao W, Xiao D, Zhu X Y, May A F, Wu W D, Cobden D H, Chu J H and Xu X D 2018 Nat. Mater. 17 778
25 Liu S, Yuan X, Zou Y, Sheng Y, Huang C, Zhang E, Ling J, Liu Y, Wang W, Zhang C, Zou J, Wang K and Xiu F 2017 npj 2D Mat. Appl. 1 30
26 Zheng G, Xie W Q, Albarakati S, Algarni M, Tan C, Wang Y, Peng J, Partridge J, Farrar L, Yi J, Xiong Y, Tian M, Zhao Y J and Wang L 2020 Phys. Rev. Lett. 125 047202
27 Onsager L 1944 Phys. Rev. 65 117
28 Fazekas P1999 Lecture Notes on Electron Correlation and Magnetism (Singapore: World Scientific)
29 Isaacs E B and Marianetti C A 2016 Phys. Rev. B 94 035120
30 Zhuang H L and Hennig R G 2016 Phys. Rev. B 93 054429
31 Holstein T and L P H 1940 Phys. Rev. 58 1098
32 Kresse G and Joubert D 1999 Phys. Rev. B 59 1758
33 Blöchl P E 1994 Phys. Rev. B 50 17953
34 Kresse G and Furthmüller J 1996 Phys. Rev. B 54 11169
35 Kresse G and Furthmüller J 1996 Comp. Mat. Sci. 6 15
36 Kresse G and Hafner J 1993 Phys. Rev. B 47 558
37 Kresse G and Hafner J 1994 Phys. Rev. B 49 14251
38 Perdew J P and Zunger A 1981 Phys. Rev. B 23 5048
39 Grimme S, Antony J, Ehrlich S and Krieg H 2010 J. Chem. Phys. 132 154104
40 Grimme S, Ehrlich S and Goerigk L 2011 J. Comp. Chem. 32 1456
41 Perdew J P, Burke K and Ernzerhof M 1996 Phys. Rev. Lett. 77 3865
42 Heyd J, Scuseria G E and Ernzerhof M 2003 J. Chem. Phys. 118 8207
43 Heyd J, Scuseria G E and Ernzerhof M 2006 J. Chem. Phys. 124 219906
44 Singh D J and Du M-H 2008 Phys. Rev. Lett. 100 237003
45 Xiang H, Lee C, Koo H J, Gong X and Whangbo M H 2013 Dalton Trans. 42 823
46 O'Handley R C1999 Modern Magnetic Materials: Principles and Applications (Wiley-Interscience, 1st ed.).
47 Blundell S2001 Magnetism in Condensed Matter (New York: Oxford University Press)

[1]	High repetition granular Co/Pt multilayers with improved perpendicular remanent magnetization for high-density magnetic recording Zhi Li(李智), Kun Zhang(张昆), Ao Du(杜奥), Hongchao Zhang(张洪超), Weibin Chen(陈伟斌), Ning Xu(徐宁), Runrun Hao(郝润润), Shishen Yan(颜世申), Weisheng Zhao(赵巍胜), and Qunwen Leng(冷群文). Chin. Phys. B, 2023, 32(2): 026803.
[2]	Bismuth doping enhanced tunability of strain-controlled magnetic anisotropy in epitaxial Y₃Fe₅O₁₂(111) films Yunpeng Jia(贾云鹏), Zhengguo Liang(梁正国), Haolin Pan(潘昊霖), Qing Wang(王庆), Qiming Lv(吕崎鸣), Yifei Yan(严轶非), Feng Jin(金锋), Dazhi Hou(侯达之), Lingfei Wang(王凌飞), and Wenbin Wu(吴文彬). Chin. Phys. B, 2023, 32(2): 027501.
[3]	Thickness-dependent magnetic properties in Pt/[Co/Ni]_n multilayers with perpendicular magnetic anisotropy Chunjie Yan(晏春杰), Lina Chen(陈丽娜), Kaiyuan Zhou(周恺元), Liupeng Yang(杨留鹏), Qingwei Fu(付清为), Wenqiang Wang(王文强), Wen-Cheng Yue(岳文诚), Like Liang(梁力克), Zui Tao(陶醉), Jun Du(杜军),Yong-Lei Wang(王永磊), and Ronghua Liu(刘荣华). Chin. Phys. B, 2023, 32(1): 017503.
[4]	Exchange-coupling-induced fourfold magnetic anisotropy in CoFeB/FeRh bilayer grown on SrTiO₃(001) Qingrong Shao(邵倾蓉), Jing Meng(孟婧), Xiaoyan Zhu(朱晓艳), Yali Xie(谢亚丽), Wenjuan Cheng(程文娟), Dongmei Jiang(蒋冬梅), Yang Xu(徐杨), Tian Shang(商恬), and Qingfeng Zhan(詹清峰). Chin. Phys. B, 2022, 31(8): 087503.
[5]	Voltage control magnetism and ferromagnetic resonance in an Fe₁₉Ni₈₁/PMN-PT heterostructure by strain Jun Ren(任军), Junming Li(李军明), Sheng Zhang(张胜), Jun Li(李骏), Wenxia Su(苏文霞), Dunhui Wang(王敦辉), Qingqi Cao(曹庆琪), and Youwei Du(都有为). Chin. Phys. B, 2022, 31(7): 077502.
[6]	Synchronization of nanowire-based spin Hall nano-oscillators Biao Jiang(姜彪), Wen-Jun Zhang(张文君), Mehran Khan Alam, Shu-Yun Yu(于淑云), Guang-Bing Han(韩广兵), Guo-Lei Liu(刘国磊), Shi-Shen Yan(颜世申), and Shi-Shou Kang(康仕寿). Chin. Phys. B, 2022, 31(7): 077503.
[7]	The 50 nm-thick yttrium iron garnet films with perpendicular magnetic anisotropy Shuyao Chen(陈姝瑶), Yunfei Xie(谢云飞), Yucong Yang(杨玉聪), Dong Gao(高栋), Donghua Liu(刘冬华), Lin Qin(秦林), Wei Yan(严巍), Bi Tan(谭碧), Qiuli Chen(陈秋丽), Tao Gong(龚涛), En Li(李恩), Lei Bi(毕磊), Tao Liu(刘涛), and Longjiang Deng(邓龙江). Chin. Phys. B, 2022, 31(4): 048503.
[8]	Perpendicular magnetization and exchange bias in epitaxial NiO/[Ni/Pt]₂ multilayers Lin-Ao Huang(黄林傲), Mei-Yu Wang(王梅雨), Peng Wang(王鹏), Yuan Yuan(袁源), Ruo-Bai Liu(刘若柏), Tian-Yu Liu(刘天宇), Yu Lu(卢羽), Jia-Rui Chen(陈家瑞), Lu-Jun Wei(魏陆军), Wei Zhang(张维), Biao You(游彪), Qing-Yu Xu(徐庆宇), and Jun Du(杜军). Chin. Phys. B, 2022, 31(2): 027506.
[9]	Angle-dependent spin wave spectra of permalloy ring arrays Shuxuan Wu(吴书旋), Zengtai Zhu(朱增泰), Yunxu Ma(马云旭), Jinwu Wei(魏晋武), Senfu Zhang(张森富), Jianbo Wang(王建波), and Qingfang Liu(刘青芳). Chin. Phys. B, 2022, 31(11): 117505.
[10]	Experimental observation of interlayer perpendicular standing spin wave mode with low damping in skyrmion-hosting [Pt/Co/Ta]₁₀ multilayer Zhen-Dong Chen(陈振东), Mei-Yang Ma(马眉扬), Sen-Fu Zhang(张森富), Mang-Yuan Ma(马莽原), Zi-Zhao Pan(潘咨兆), Xi-Xiang Zhang(张西祥), Xue-Zhong Ruan(阮学忠), Yong-Bing Xu(徐永兵), and Fu-Sheng Ma(马付胜). Chin. Phys. B, 2022, 31(11): 117501.
[11]	Perpendicular magnetic anisotropy of Pd/Co₂MnSi/NiFe₂O₄/Pd multilayers on F-mica substrates Qingwang Bai(白青旺), Bin Guo(郭斌), Qin Yin(尹钦), and Shuyun Wang(王书运). Chin. Phys. B, 2022, 31(1): 017501.
[12]	Optimized growth of compensated ferrimagnetic insulator Gd₃Fe₅O₁₂ with a perpendicular magnetic anisotropy Heng-An Zhou(周恒安), Li Cai(蔡立), Teng Xu(许腾), Yonggang Zhao(赵永刚), and Wanjun Jiang(江万军). Chin. Phys. B, 2021, 30(9): 097503.
[13]	Magnetic dynamics of two-dimensional itinerant ferromagnet Fe₃GeTe₂ Lijun Ni(倪丽君), Zhendong Chen(陈振东), Wei Li(李威), Xianyang Lu(陆显扬), Yu Yan(严羽), Longlong Zhang(张龙龙), Chunjie Yan(晏春杰), Yang Chen(陈阳), Yaoyu Gu(顾耀玉), Yao Li(黎遥), Rong Zhang(张荣), Ya Zhai(翟亚), Ronghua Liu(刘荣华), Yi Yang(杨燚), and Yongbing Xu(徐永兵). Chin. Phys. B, 2021, 30(9): 097501.
[14]	Magnon bands in twisted bilayer honeycomb quantum magnets Xingchuan Zhu(朱兴川), Huaiming Guo(郭怀明), and Shiping Feng(冯世平). Chin. Phys. B, 2021, 30(7): 077505.
[15]	Magnetic anisotropy in 5d transition metal-porphyrin molecules Yan-Wen Zhang(张岩文), Gui-Xian Ge(葛桂贤), Hai-Bin Sun(孙海斌), Jue-Ming Yang(杨觉明), Hong-Xia Yan(闫红霞), Long Zhou(周龙), Jian-Guo Wan(万建国), and Guang-Hou Wang(王广厚). Chin. Phys. B, 2021, 30(4): 047501.

No Suggested Reading articles found!

Viewed

Full text

Abstract

Cited

Metrics
Related Articles

Origin of itinerant ferromagnetism in two-dimensional Fe3GeTe2

Cite this article:

Online attention

Origin of itinerant ferromagnetism in two-dimensional Fe₃GeTe₂