Please wait a minute...
Chin. Phys. B, 2018, Vol. 27(8): 088801    DOI: 10.1088/1674-1056/27/8/088801
INTERDISCIPLINARY PHYSICS AND RELATED AREAS OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY Prev   Next  

Electronic states and molecular orientation of ITIC film

Ying-Ying Du(杜莹莹)1, De-Qu Lin(林德渠)1, Guang-Hua Chen(陈光华)1, Xin-Yuan Bai(白新源)1, Long-Xi Wang(汪隆喜)1, Rui Wu(吴蕊)2, Jia-Ou Wang(王嘉鸥)2, Hai-Jie Qian(钱海杰)2, Hong-Nian Li(李宏年)1
1 Department of Physics, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China;
2 Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
Abstract  ITIC is the milestone of non-fullerene small molecule acceptors used in organic solar cells. We study the electronic states and molecular orientation of ITIC film using photoelectron spectroscopy and x-ray absorption spectroscopy. The negative integer charge transfer energy level is determined to be 4.00±0.05 eV below the vacuum level, and the ionization potential is 5.75±0.10 eV. The molecules predominantly have the face-on orientation on inert substrates as long as the surfaces of the substrates are not too rough. These results provide the physical understanding of the high performance of ITIC-based solar cells, which also afford implications to design more advanced photovoltaic small molecules.
Keywords:  electronic states      molecular orientation      photovoltaic small molecule      photoelectron spectroscopy      XAS  
Received:  18 April 2018      Revised:  07 May 2018      Accepted manuscript online: 
PACS:  88.40.jr (Organic photovoltaics)  
  73.30.+y (Surface double layers, Schottky barriers, and work functions)  
  61.46.-w (Structure of nanoscale materials)  
  61.05.cj (X-ray absorption spectroscopy: EXAFS, NEXAFS, XANES, etc.)  
Fund: Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 11374258 and 11079028).
Corresponding Authors:  Hong-Nian Li     E-mail:  phylihn@mail.zju.edu.cn

Cite this article: 

Ying-Ying Du(杜莹莹), De-Qu Lin(林德渠), Guang-Hua Chen(陈光华), Xin-Yuan Bai(白新源), Long-Xi Wang(汪隆喜), Rui Wu(吴蕊), Jia-Ou Wang(王嘉鸥), Hai-Jie Qian(钱海杰), Hong-Nian Li(李宏年) Electronic states and molecular orientation of ITIC film 2018 Chin. Phys. B 27 088801

[1] Yu G, Gao J, Hummelen J C, Wudl F and Heeger A J 1995 Science 270 1789
[2] Wienk M M, Kroon J M, Verhees W J, Knol J, Hummelen J C, van Hal P A and Janssen R A 2003 Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 42 3371
[3] Lin Y, Wang J, Zhang Z G, Bai H, Li Y, Zhu D and Zhan X 2015 Adv. Mater. 27 1170
[4] Zhao W, Qian D, Zhang S, Li S, Inganäs O, Gao F and Hou J 2016 Adv. Mater. 28 4734
[5] Li S, Ye L, Zhao W, Zhang, S, Mukherjee S, Ade H and Hou J 2016 Adv. Mater. 28 9423
[6] Yang Y, Zhang Z G, Bin H, Chen S, Gao L, Xue L, Yang C and Li Y 2016 J. Am. Chem. Soc. 138 15011
[7] Zhao W, Li S, Yao H, Zhang S, Zhang Y, Yang B and Hou J 2017 J. Am. Chem. Soc. 139 7148
[8] Zhao F, Dai S, Wu Y, Zhang Q, Wang J, Jiang L, Ling Q, Wei Z, Ma W, You W, Wang C and Zhan X 2017 Adv. Mater. 29 1700144
[9] Zhu J, Li S, Liu X, Yao H, Wang F, Zhang S, Sun M and Hou J 2017 J. Mater. Chem. A 5 15175
[10] Yao H, Ye L, Hou J, Jang B, Han G, Cui Y, Su G M, Wang C, Gao B, Yu R, Zhang H, Yi Y, Woo H Y, Ade H and Hou J 2017 Adv. Mater. 29 1700254
[11] Fei Z, Eisner F D, Jiao X, Azzouzi M, Röhr J A, Han Y, Shahid M, Chesman A S R, Easton C D, McNeill C R, Anthopoulos T D, Nelson J and Heeney M 2018 Adv. Mater. 30 1705209
[12] Bao X, Zhang Y, Wang J, Zhu D, Yang C, Li Y, Yang C, Xu J and Yang R 2017 Chem. Mater. 29 6766
[13] Hadmojo W T, Wibowo F T A, Ryu D Y, Jung I H and Jang S Y 2017 ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 9 32939
[14] Park S H, Park, G E, Choi S, Park S Y, Park C G, Cho M J and Choi D H 2018 Org. Electron. 53 151
[15] Wen S, Chen W, Huang G, Shen W, Liu H, Duan L, Zhang J and Yang R 2018 J. Mater. Chem. C 6 1753
[16] Zhang Z, Liu W, Rehman T, Ju H X, Mai J, Lu X, Shi M, Zhu J, Li C Z and Chen H 2017 J. Mater. Chem. A 5 9649
[17] Du Y Y, Chen G H, Li W J, Bai X Y, Lin D Q, Ju H, Hu S, Xu Q, Wang Y, Li X, Zhu J and Li H N 2018 AIP Adv. 8 035015
[18] Tengstedt C, Osikowicz W, Salaneck W R, Parker I D, Hsu C H and Fahlman M 2006 Appl. Phys. Lett. 88 053502
[19] Braun S, Salaneck W R and Fahlman M 2009 Adv. Mater. 21 1450
[20] Lange I, Blakesley J C, Frisch J, Vollmer A, Koch N and Neher D 2011 Phys. Rev. Lett. 106 216402
[21] Bao Q, Fabiano S, Andersson M, Braun S, Sun Z, Crispin X, Berggren M, Liu X and Fahlman M 2016 Adv. Funct. Mater. 26 1077
[22] Xu Z, Chen L M, Chen M H, Li G and Yang Y 2009 Appl. Phys. Lett. 95 013301
[23] Sehati P, Braun S, Lindell L, Liu X, Andersson L M and Fahlman M 2010 IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum Electron. 16 1718
[24] Schuettfort T, Thomsen L and McNeill C R 2013 J. Am. Chem. Soc. 135 1092
[25] Sun, K, Xiao Z, Lu S, Zajaczkowski W, Pisula W, Hanssen E, White J M, Williamson R M, Subbiah J, Ouyang J, Holmes A B, Wong W W and Jones D J 2015 Nat. Commun. 6 6013
[26] Li S, Liu W, Li C Z, Shi M and Chen H 2017 Small 13 1701120
[27] Shi X, Zuo L, Jo S B, Gao K, Lin F, Liu F and Jen A K Y 2017 Chem. Mater. 29 8369
[28] Zheng Y, Huang J, Wang G, Kong J, Huang D, Mohadjer Beromi M, Hazari N, Taylor A D and Yu J 2018 Mater. Today 21 79
[29] Chen G H, Bai X Y, Li W J, Du Y Y, Lin D Q, Li H Y, Wang J O, Qian H J, Wu R, Ibrahim K and Li H N 2017 J. Phys. Chem. C 121 19097
[30] Sheng C Q, Wang P, Shen Y, Li Y J, Zhang W H, Xu F Q, Zhu J F, Lai G Q and Li H N 2012 Chin. Phys. B 21 017102
[31] Li H N, Yang H, Wang X X, Ni J F, Wang P, Meng L, Wang X B, Kurash I, Qian H J, Wang J O and Liu Z Y 2009 J. Phys.: Condens. Matter 21 265502
[32] Davids P S, Saxena A and Smith D L 1995 J. Appl. Phys. 78 4244
[33] Oehzelt M, Koch N and Heimel G 2014 Nat. Commun. 5 4174
[34] Omer B M 2015 Chin. Phys. Lett. 32 088801
[1] Synthesis of SiC/graphene nanosheet composites by helicon wave plasma
Jia-Li Chen(陈佳丽), Pei-Yu Ji(季佩宇), Cheng-Gang Jin(金成刚), Lan-Jian Zhuge(诸葛兰剑), and Xue-Mei Wu(吴雪梅). Chin. Phys. B, 2021, 30(7): 075201.
[2] Band alignment of p-type oxide/ε-Ga2O3 heterojunctions investigated by x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy
Chang Rao(饶畅), Zeyuan Fei(费泽元), Weiqu Chen(陈伟驱), Zimin Chen(陈梓敏), Xing Lu(卢星), Gang Wang(王钢), Xinzhong Wang(王新中), Jun Liang(梁军), Yanli Pei(裴艳丽). Chin. Phys. B, 2020, 29(9): 097303.
[3] Improved carrier transport in Mn:ZnSe quantum dots sensitized La-doped nano-TiO2 thin film
Shao Li(李绍), Gang Li(李刚), Li-Shuang Yang(杨丽爽), Kui-Ying Li(李葵英). Chin. Phys. B, 2020, 29(4): 046104.
[4] Energy band alignment at Cu2O/ZnO heterojunctions characterized by in situ x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy
Yan Zhao(赵妍), Hong-Bu Yin(尹泓卜), Ya-Jun Fu(符亚军), Xue-Min Wang(王雪敏), Wei-Dong Wu(吴卫东). Chin. Phys. B, 2019, 28(8): 087301.
[5] Field-free molecular orientation steered by combination of super-Gaussian and THz half-cycle laser pulses
Qi-Yuan Cheng(程起元), Yu-Zhi Song(宋玉志), Qing-Tian Meng(孟庆田). Chin. Phys. B, 2019, 28(11): 113301.
[6] Conductivity and band alignment of LaCrO3/SrTiO3 (111) heterostructure
Yan-Peng Hong(洪彦鹏), Xin-Xin Wang(王欣欣), Guo-Liang Qu(曲国良), Cheng-Jian Li(厉承剑), Hong-Xia Xue(薛红霞), Ke-Jian Liu(刘科践), Yong-Chun Li(李永春), Chang-Min Xiong(熊昌民), Rui-Fen Dou(窦瑞芬), Lin He(何林), Jia-Cai Nie(聂家财). Chin. Phys. B, 2018, 27(4): 047301.
[7] Influence factor analysis of field-free molecular orientation
Jing-Song Liu(刘劲松), Qi-Yuan Cheng(程起元), Da-Guang Yue(岳大光), Xu-Cong Zhou(周旭聪), Qing-Tian Meng(孟庆田). Chin. Phys. B, 2018, 27(3): 033301.
[8] Landscape of s-triazine molecule on Si(100) by a theoretical x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and x-ray absorption near-edge structure spectra study
Jing Hu(胡静), Xiu-Neng Song(宋秀能), Sheng-Yu Wang(王胜雨), Juan Lin(林娟), Jun-Rong Zhang(张俊荣), Yong Ma(马勇). Chin. Phys. B, 2018, 27(11): 113101.
[9] Production of cold CN molecules by photodissociating ICN precursors in brute-force field
Wen-Xia Xu(徐文霞), Yong-Cheng Yang(杨永成), Lian-Zhong Deng(邓联忠). Chin. Phys. B, 2017, 26(5): 053702.
[10] Field-free molecular orientation enhanced by tuning the intensity ratio of a three-color laser field
Zhi-Yuan Huang(黄志远), Ding Wang(王丁), Lang Zheng(郑浪), Wen-Kai Li(黎文开), Rui-Rui Zhao(赵睿睿), Yu-Xin Leng(冷雨欣). Chin. Phys. B, 2017, 26(5): 054209.
[11] Characterization of atomic-layer MoS2 synthesized using a hot filament chemical vapor deposition method
Ying-Zi Peng(彭英姿), Yang Song(宋扬), Xiao-Qiang Xie(解晓强), Yuan Li(李源), Zheng-Hong Qian(钱正洪), Ru Bai(白茹). Chin. Phys. B, 2016, 25(5): 058104.
[12] A nano-scale mirror-like surface of Ti-6Al-4V attained by chemical mechanical polishing
Chenliang Liang(梁晨亮), Weili Liu(刘卫丽), Shasha Li(李沙沙), Hui Kong(孔慧), Zefang Zhang(张泽芳), Zhitang Song(宋志棠). Chin. Phys. B, 2016, 25(5): 058301.
[13] Observation of positive and small electron affinity of Si-doped AlN films grown by metalorganic chemical vapor deposition on n-type 6H-SiC
Feng Liang(梁锋), Ping Chen(陈平), De-Gang Zhao(赵德刚), De-Sheng Jiang(江德生), Zhi-Juan Zhao(赵志娟), Zong-Shun Liu(刘宗顺), Jian-Jun Zhu(朱建军), Jing Yang(杨静), Wei Liu(刘炜), Xiao-Guang He(何晓光), Xiao-Jing Li(李晓静), Xiang Li(李翔), Shuang-Tao Liu(刘双韬), Hui Yang(杨辉), Li-Qun Zhang(张立群), Jian-Ping Liu(刘建平), Yuan-Tao Zhang(张源涛), Guo-Tong Du(杜国同). Chin. Phys. B, 2016, 25(5): 057703.
[14] Photostop of iodine atoms from electrically oriented ICl molecules
Bao Da-Xiao (暴大小), Deng Lian-Zhong (邓联忠), Xu Liang (许亮), Yin Jian-Ping (印建平). Chin. Phys. B, 2015, 24(11): 113702.
[15] Photoelectric characteristics of silicon P-N junction with nanopillar texture:Analysis of X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy
Liu Jing (刘静), Wang Jia-Ou (王嘉鸥), Yi Fu-Ting (伊福廷), Wu Rui (吴蕊), Zhang Nian (张念), Ibrahim Kurash (奎热西). Chin. Phys. B, 2014, 23(9): 096101.
No Suggested Reading articles found!