Two waveguide layers in lithium niobate crystal formed by swift heavy Kr ion irradiation
Liu Tao (刘涛)a b, Huang Qing (黄庆)c, Zhao Jin-Hua (赵金花)d, Kong Wei-Jin (孔伟金)a b, Liu Peng (刘鹏)e, Zhang Lian (张连)e, Zhou Yu-Fan (周育范)e, Yu Xiao-Fei (于晓飞)e, Wang Lei (王磊)e, Wang Xue-Lin (王雪林)e
a School of Physics, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China;
b Key Laboratory of Photonics Materials and Technology in Universities of Shandong (Qingdao University), Qingdao 266071, China;
c Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800, China;
d School of Science, Shandong Jianzhu University, Jinan 250101, China;
e School of Physics, State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials and Key Laboratory of Particle Physics and Particle Irradiation (MOE), Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
We report the formation of two waveguide layers in a lithium niobate crystal by irradiation with swift heavy Kr ions with high (GeV) energies and ultralow fluences. The micro-Raman spectra are measured at different depths in the irradiated layer and show that the high electronic energy loss can cause lattice damage along the ion trajectory, while the nuclear energy loss causes damage at the end of the ion track. Two waveguide layers are formed by confinement with two barriers associated with decreases in the refractive index that are caused by electronic and nuclear energy losses, respectively.
Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 11275117, U1432120, and 11274188) and the Heavy Ion Research Facility in Lanzhou (HIRFL), China.
Corresponding Authors:
Wang Xue-Lin
E-mail: xuelinwang@sdu.edu.cn
About author: 61.80.Jh; 42.79.Gn
Cite this article:
Liu Tao (刘涛), Huang Qing (黄庆), Zhao Jin-Hua (赵金花), Kong Wei-Jin (孔伟金), Liu Peng (刘鹏), Zhang Lian (张连), Zhou Yu-Fan (周育范), Yu Xiao-Fei (于晓飞), Wang Lei (王磊), Wang Xue-Lin (王雪林) Two waveguide layers in lithium niobate crystal formed by swift heavy Kr ion irradiation 2015 Chin. Phys. B 24 056102
[1]
Lewi T, Ofek J and Katzir A 2013 Appl. Phys. Lett. 102 101104
[2]
McCarthy J E, Bookey H T, Psaila N D, Thomson R R and Kar A K 2012 Opt. Express 20 1545
[3]
Guo H T, Liu L, Wang Y Q, Hou C Q, Li W N, Lu M, Zou K S and Peng B 2009 Opt. Express 17 15350
Altmetric calculates a score based on the online attention an article receives. Each coloured thread in the circle represents a different type of online attention. The number in the centre is the Altmetric score. Social media and mainstream news media are the main sources that calculate the score. Reference managers such as Mendeley are also tracked but do not contribute to the score. Older articles often score higher because they have had more time to get noticed. To account for this, Altmetric has included the context data for other articles of a similar age.
