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Reconstruction of detector error model for quantum error correction |
| Cheng Ye(叶澄)1,2 and Pan Zhang(张潘)1,2,3,4,† |
1 CAS Key Laboratory for Theoretical Physics, Institute of Theoretical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China;
2 School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China;
3 School of Fundamental Physics and Mathematical Sciences, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, UCAS, Hangzhou 310024, China;
4 Beijing Academy of Quantum Information Sciences, Beijing 100193, China |
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Abstract Fault-tolerant quantum computing fundamentally relies on the accurate characterization of circuit-level noise to optimize decoding algorithms. However, extracting complex multi-body error correlations remains challenging. Contemporary greedy inference algorithms can suffer from statistical distortion, discarding true physical mechanisms while introducing many unphysical false positives. Here, we introduce the correlation-analysis-based hypergraph reconstruction (CAHR) algorithm, a globally consistent framework to invert experimental syndrome statistics directly into discrete physical hypergraphs. By coupling exact algebraic correlation equations with a top-down concurrent-pruning strategy, CAHR recovers the fault topology without false positives for both d = 5 rotated surface codes and dense 8-body 2D color codes in our benchmark settings. Furthermore, we show that exact continuous parameter extraction in dense codes is limited by a variance cascade, where absolute statistical variance accumulates linearly from high- to low-degree mechanisms. This motivates a two-stage inference paradigm: utilizing CAHR to extract the fault topology, followed by continuous probability optimization. This provides a practical approach for characterizing and decoding highly correlated noise in realistic quantum hardware.
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Received: 18 March 2026
Revised: 22 April 2026
Accepted manuscript online: 29 April 2026
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PACS:
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03.67.Pp
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(Quantum error correction and other methods for protection against decoherence)
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03.67.Lx
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(Quantum computation architectures and implementations)
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05.40.Ca
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(Noise)
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| Fund: The work is supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 12325501 and 12447101). |
Corresponding Authors:
Pan Zhang
E-mail: panzhang@itp.ac.cn
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Cite this article:
Cheng Ye(叶澄) and Pan Zhang(张潘) Reconstruction of detector error model for quantum error correction 2026 Chin. Phys. B 35 070301
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