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Regulation of morphology and magnetic properties of ZnFe2O4 assemblies via magnetic fields |
| Xian Zhang(张贤)1,4,5,†, Jing Meng(孟静)3, Yeguo Sun(孙业国)1, Zhe Qu(屈哲)4, Jun Cao(曹俊)5, and Yongqing Ma(马永青)2 |
1 Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Low-Temperature Co-Fired Materials, School of Electronic Engineering, Huainan Normal University, Huainan 232038, China;
2 Engineering Technology Research Center of Magnetic Materials, School of Physics and Materials Science, Anhui University, Hefei 230039, China;
3 School of Economics and Management, Huainan Normal University, Huainan 232038, China;
4 Anhui Key Laboratory of Low-Energy Quantum Materials and Devices, High Magnetic Field Laboratory, HFIPS, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031 China;
5 Anhui Saifu Electronics Limited Company, Tongling 244000, China |
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Abstract ZnFe$_{2}$O$_{4}$ was synthesized at 200 $^\circ$C via a solvothermal pathway using acetylacetonate salts of zinc and iron as raw materials in self-developed magnetic fields of varying intensities. The following phenomena were observed. During the synthesis process, applying a magnetic field causes spherical assemblies with micrometer-scale diameters to transform into coarse chain-like aggregates exhibiting a length-to-diameter ratio of approximately 4.8. As the strength of the magnetic field increases, the ZnFe$_{2}$O$_{4}$ particle size gradually decreases. The synthetic magnetic field causes the magnetization value of ZnFe$_{2}$O$_{4}$ to increase or decrease. This is due to the interaction between surface spins and bulk spins, and this interaction is regulated by the particle size. The zero-field-cooling (ZFC) curves measured under a 100-Oe (1 Oe = 79.5775 A$\cdot$m$^{-1}$) magnetic field obey the Curie-Weiss law in the high-temperature region. The effective magnetic moments of the superparamagnetic particles obtained through fitting are $\mu_{\rm sp} = 2.53\times10^{4} \mu _{\rm B}$ (ZnFe$_{2}$O$_{4}$ prepared under the condition without magnetic field), $\mu_{\rm sp} = 1.69\times10^{4} \mu_{\rm B}$ (ZnFe$_{2}$O$_{4}$ prepared under the condition of two magnets), and $\mu _{\rm sp} = 1.85\times10^{4} \mu_{\rm B}$ (ZnFe$_{2}$O$_{4}$ prepared under the condition of four magnets). The estimated magnetic particle sizes are 11.4 nm, 10.6 nm, and 9.9 nm, respectively, which are larger than the corresponding sizes (8.6 nm, 7.2 nm, and 6.2 nm) obtained from electron microscopy, indicating that the magnetic moments of adjacent particles tend to be parallel. This work reports a new approach that enables the preparation of magnetic particles with clean surfaces as well as tunable sizes, morphologies, and properties simply by adjusting the magnetic field strength without the need for any additives or templates, thus broadening their potential for various applications.
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Received: 27 October 2025
Revised: 19 March 2026
Accepted manuscript online: 23 March 2026
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PACS:
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75.50.Gg
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(Ferrimagnetics)
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75.75.+a
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| Fund: Project supported by the Key Projects of the Natural Science Research of the Higher Education Institutions of Anhui Province, China (Grant No. 2025AHGXZK31120) and the Provincial Quality Engineering Project of the Higher Education Institutions of Anhui Province, China (Grant No. 2023zybj047). |
Corresponding Authors:
Xian Zhang
E-mail: zhangxian035@163.com
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Cite this article:
Xian Zhang(张贤), Jing Meng(孟静), Yeguo Sun(孙业国), Zhe Qu(屈哲), Jun Cao(曹俊), and Yongqing Ma(马永青) Regulation of morphology and magnetic properties of ZnFe2O4 assemblies via magnetic fields 2026 Chin. Phys. B 35 077509
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