| TOPICAL REVIEW — Multiferroicity and multicaloric effects |
Prev
|
|
|
Experimental progress on two-dimensional multiferroics |
| Yuyang Wang(王羽扬)1,2,†, Dacheng Tian(田大铖)1,2,†, and Lan Chen(陈岚)1,2,‡ |
1 Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China; 2 School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China |
|
|
|
|
Abstract Two-dimensional (2D) multiferroic materials, characterized by the coexistence of multiple ferroic orders at atomic thicknesses governed by interlayer van der Waals (vdW) interactions, have garnered significant attention due to their exotic physical properties and potential for next-generation information storage, logic, and magnetoelectric spintronic applications, particularly in high-density memory and ultralow-power information processing. This review revisits the fundamental concepts of multiferroicity from symmetry and thermodynamic perspectives, classifies the dominant mechanisms responsible for generating multiferroics and their 2D extensions, and discusses specific material systems ranging from intrinsic to engineered multiferroics. The primary objective of this review is to provide a clear roadmap of the current landscape and offer perspectives on key challenges and opportunities in this rapidly developing field.
|
Received: 30 January 2026
Revised: 11 March 2026
Accepted manuscript online: 18 March 2026
|
|
PACS:
|
75.85.+t
|
(Magnetoelectric effects, multiferroics)
|
| |
77.55.Nv
|
(Multiferroic/magnetoelectric films)
|
| |
77.80.-e
|
(Ferroelectricity and antiferroelectricity)
|
| |
75.70.Cn
|
(Magnetic properties of interfaces (multilayers, superlattices, heterostructures))
|
|
Corresponding Authors:
Lan Chen
E-mail: lchen@iphy.ac.cn
|
Cite this article:
Yuyang Wang(王羽扬), Dacheng Tian(田大铖), and Lan Chen(陈岚) Experimental progress on two-dimensional multiferroics 2026 Chin. Phys. B 35 077511
|
[1] Spaldin N A and Ramesh R 2019 Nat. Mater. 18 203 [2] Fiebig M, Lottermoser T, Meier D and TrassinM2016 Nat. Rev. Mater. 1 16046 [3] Wang J, Neaton J B, Zheng H, Nagarajan V, Ogale S B, Liu B, Viehland D, Vaithyanathan V, Schlom D G, Waghmare U V, Spaldin N A, Rabe K M, Wuttig M and Ramesh R 2003 Science 299 1719 [4] Zhao T, Scholl A, Zavaliche F, Lee K, Barry M, Doran A, Cruz M P, Chu Y H, Ederer C, Spaldin N A, Das R R, Kim D M, Baek S H, Eom C B and Ramesh R 2006 Nat. Mater. 5 823 [5] Catalan G and Scott J F 2009 Adv. Mater. 21 2463 [6] Kimura T, Goto T, Shintani H, Ishizaka K, Arima T and Tokura Y 2003 Nature 426 55 [7] Goto T, Kimura T, Lawes G, Ramirez A P and Tokura Y 2004 Phys. Rev. Lett. 92 257201 [8] Van Aken B B, Palstra T T M, Filippetti A and Spaldin N A 2004 Nat. Mater. 3 164 [9] Hill N A 2000 J. Phys. Chem. B 104 6694 [10] Novoselov K S, Geim A K, Morozov S V, Jiang D, Zhang Y, Dubonos S V, Grigorieva I V and Firsov A A 2004 Science 306 666 [11] Geim A K and Grigorieva I V 2013 Nature 499 419 [12] Huang B, Clark G, Navarro-Moratalla E, Klein D R, Cheng R, Seyler K L, Zhong D, Schmidgall E, McGuire M A, Cobden D H, Yao W, Xiao D, Jarillo-Herrero P and Xu X 2017 Nature 546 270 [13] Gong C, Li L, Li Z, Ji H, Stern A, Xia Y, Cao T, BaoW,Wang C,Wang Y, Qiu Z Q, Cava R J, Louie S G, Xia J and Zhang X 2017 Nature 546 265 [14] Bai L, Ke C, Luo Z, Zhu T, You L and Liu S 2024 ACS Nano 18 26103 [15] Liu F, You L, Seyler K L, Li X, Yu P, Lin J, Wang X, Zhou J, Wang H, He H, Pantelides S T, Zhou W, Sharma P, Xu X, Ajayan P M, Wang J and Liu Z 2016 Nat. Commun. 7 12357 [16] Fei Z, Zhao W, Palomaki T A, Sun B, Miller M K, Zhao Z, Yan J, Xu X and Cobden D H 2018 Nature 560 336 [17] Sharma P, Xiang F X, Shao D F, Zhang D, Tsymbal E Y, Hamilton A R and Seidel J 2019 Sci. Adv. 5 eaax5080 [18] Vizner Stern M,Waschitz Y, CaoW, Nevo I,Watanabe K, Taniguchi T, Sela E, Urbakh M, Hod O and Ben Shalom M 2021 Science 372 1462 [19] Yasuda K, Wang X, Watanabe K, Taniguchi T and Jarillo-Herrero P 2021 Science 372 1458 [20] Tang X and Kou L 2019 J. Phys. Chem. Lett. 10 6634 [21] Gao Y, Gao M and Lu Y 2021 Nanoscale 13 19324 [22] Landau L D 1937 Zh. Eksp. Teor. Fiz 7 926 [23] Kibble T W B 1976 J. Phys. A: Math. Gen. 9 1387 [24] Aizu K 1970 Phys. Rev. B 2 754 [25] Newnham R E and Cross L E 1974 Mater. Res. Bull. 9 927 [26] Newnham R E and Cross L E 1974 Mater. Res. Bull. 9 1021 [27] Schmid H 1994 Ferroelectrics 162 317 [28] Khomskii D 2009 Physics 2 20 [29] Eerenstein W, Mathur N D and Scott J F 2006 Nature 442 759 [30] Mostovoy M 2006 Phys. Rev. Lett. 96 067601 [31] Dong S, Xiang H and Dagotto E 2019 Natl. Sci. Rev. 6 629 [32] Szilva A, Kvashnin Y, Stepanov E A, Nordström L, Eriksson O, Lichtenstein A I and Katsnelson M I 2023 Rev. Mod. Phys. 95 035004 [33] Anderson P W 1959 Phys. Rev. 115 2 [34] Dzyaloshinsky I 1958 J. Phys. Chem. Solids 4 241 [35] Moriya T 1960 Phys. Rev. 120 91 [36] King-Smith R D and Vanderbilt D 1993 Phys. Rev. B 47 1651 [37] Dawber M, Rabe K M and Scott J F 2005 Rev. Mod. Phys. 77 1083 [38] Wang C, You L, Cobden D and Wang J 2023 Nat. Mater. 22 542 [39] Seshadri R and Hill N A 2001 Chem. Mater. 13 2892 [40] Cohen R E 1992 Nature 358 136 [41] Ikeda N, Ohsumi H, Ohwada K, Ishii K, Inami T, Kakurai K, Murakami Y, Yoshii K, Mori S, Horibe Y and Kitô H 2005 Nature 436 1136 [42] Tokura Y, Seki S and Nagaosa N 2014 Rep. Prog. Phys. 77 076501 [43] Zhou Y, Wang Z, Wang F, Ye H and Dong S 2026 Chin. Phys. B 35 027501 [44] Katsura H, Nagaosa N and Balatsky A V 2005 Phys. Rev. Lett. 95 057205 [45] Arima T 2007 J. Phys. Soc. Jpn. 76 073702 [46] Lee N, Choi Y J, Ramazanoglu M, RatcliffW, Kiryukhin V and Cheong S W 2011 Phys. Rev. B 84 020101 [47] Cao Y, Fatemi V, Fang S, Watanabe K, Taniguchi T, Kaxiras E and Jarillo-Herrero P 2018 Nature 556 43 [48] Cao Y, Fatemi V, Demir A, Fang S, Tomarken S L, Luo J Y, Sanchez- Yamagishi J D, Watanabe K, Taniguchi T, Kaxiras E, Ashoori R C and Jarillo-Herrero P 2018 Nature 556 80 [49] Bistritzer R and MacDonald A H 2011 Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 108 12233 [50] Mermin N D and Wagner H 1966 Phys. Rev. Lett. 17 1133 [51] Hohenberg P C 1967 Phys. Rev. 158 383 [52] Burch K S, Mandrus D and Park J G 2018 Nature 563 47 [53] Junquera J and Ghosez P 2003 Nature 422 506 [54] Chang K, Liu J, Lin H, Wang N, Zhao K, Zhang A, Jin F, Zhong Y, Hu X, DuanW, Zhang Q, Fu L, Xue Q K, Chen X and Ji S H 2016 Science 353 274 [55] Song Q, Occhialini C A, Ergeçen E, Ilyas B, Amoroso D, Barone P, Kapeghian J, Watanabe K, Taniguchi T, Botana A S, Picozzi S, Gedik N and Comin R 2022 Nature 602 601 [56] Jiang Y, Wu Y, Zhang J, Wei J, Peng B and Qiu C W 2023 Nature 619 E40 [57] Amini M, Fumega A O, González-Herrero H, Vano V, Kezilebieke S, Lado J L and Liljeroth P 2024 Adv. Mater. 36 2311342 [58] Wu Y, Zeng Z, Lu H, Han X, Yang C, Liu N, Zhao X, Qiao L, Ji W, Che R, Deng L, Yan P and Peng B 2024 Nat. Commun. 15 8616 [59] Fumega A O and Lado J L 2022 2D Mater. 9 025010 [60] Li X, Xu C, Liu B, Li X, Bellaiche L and Xiang H 2023 Phys. Rev. Lett. 131 036701 [61] Gao F Y, Peng X, Cheng X, Viñas Boström E, Kim D S, Jain R K, Vishnu D, Raju K, Sankar R, Lee S F, Sentef M A, Kurumaji T, Li X, Tang P, Rubio A and Baldini E 2024 Nature 632 273 [62] Liu Q, Su W, Gu Y, Zhang X, Xia X, Wang L, Xiao K, Zhang N, Cui X, Huang M, Wei C, Zou X, Xi B, Mei J W and Dai J F 2025 Nat. Commun. 16 4221 [63] Wang Y, Zhao X, Yao L, Liu H, Cheng P, Zhang Y, Feng B, Ma F, Zhao J, Sun J, Wu K and Chen L 2024 Nat. Commun. 15 10916 [64] Lai Y, Song Z, Wan Y, Xue M, Wang C, Ye Y, Dai L, Zhang Z, Yang W, Du H and Yang J 2019 Nanoscale 11 5163 [65] Park C B, Shahee A, Kim K, Patil D R, Guda S A, Ter-Oganessian N and Kim K H 2022 Adv. Electron. Mater. 8 2101072 [66] Io W F, Pang S Y, Wong L W, Zhao Y, Ding R, Mao J, Zhao Y, Guo F, Yuan S, Zhao J, Yi J and Hao J 2023 Nat. Commun. 14 7304 [67] Wang X, Shang Z, Zhang C, et al. 2023 Nat. Commun. 14 840 [68] Selter S, Bestha K K, Bhattacharyya P, Özer B, Shemerliuk Y, Roslova M, Vinokurova E, Corredor L T, Veyrat L, Wolter A U B, Hozoi L, Büchner B and Aswartham S 2023 Phys. Rev. Mater. 7 033402 [69] Aoki S, Dong Y,Wang Z, Huang X SW, Itahashi Y M, Ogawa N, Ideue T and Iwasa Y 2024 Adv. Mater. 36 2312781 [70] Tang J, Lawrie B J, Cheng M, Wu Y C, Zhao H, Kong D, Lu R, Yao C H, Gai Z, Li A P, Li M and Ling X 2025 J. Phys. Chem. Lett. 16 4336 [71] Damay F, Martin C, Hardy V, André G, Petit S and Maignan A 2011 Phys. Rev. B 83 184413 [72] Zhong T, Li X, Wu M and Liu J M 2020 Natl. Sci. Rev. 7 373 [73] Xu X, Zhong T, Zuo N, Li Z, Li D, Pi L, Chen P, Wu M, Zhai T and Zhou X 2022 ACS Nano 16 8141 [74] Peng J, Su Y, Lv H, Wu J, Liu Y, Wang M, Zhao J, Guo Y, Wu X, Wu C and Xie Y 2023 Adv. Mater. 35 2209365 [75] Sun Z, Su Y, Zhi A, Gao Z, Han X, Wu K, Bao L, Huang Y, Shi Y, Bai X, Cheng P, Chen L, Wu K, Tian X, Wu C and Feng B 2024 Nat. Commun. 15 4252 [76] Wang P, Zhao Y, Na R, et al. 2024 Adv. Mater. 36 2400655 [77] Yu K, Wang H, Liu W, Fu Z, Feng Y, Tang W, Han L, Nie Y, Li D, Zhou Z, Li J, Pan A and Gao L 2025 Sci. China Mater. 68 2868 [78] Fayaz M, Muzaffar M U, Idrees M and Lin Z 2025 ACS Appl. Nano Mater. 8 16299 [79] Zhang J J, Lin L, Zhang Y, Wu M, Yakobson B I and Dong S 2018 J. Am. Chem. Soc. 140 9768 [80] Wang L, Ga Y, Li P, Yu D, Jiang J, Liang J, Wang S and Yang H 2023 Phys. Rev. B 108 054440 [81] Ai H, Song X, Qi S, Li W and Zhao M 2019 Nanoscale 11 1103 [82] Yang Y 2025 Phys. Rev. B 112 104427 [83] Tahir R, Zahra S A, Naeem U, Akinwande D and Rizwan S 2022 RSC Adv. 12 24571 [84] Tahir R, Fatima S, Zahra S A, Akinwande D, Li H, Jafri S H M and Rizwan S 2023 npj 2D Mater. Appl. 7 7 [85] Yang H, Pan L, Xiao M, Fang J, Cui Y and Wei Z 2020 Sci. China Mater. 63 421 [86] Du R,Wang Y, Cheng M,Wang P, Li H, FengW, Song L, Shi J and He J 2022 Nat. Commun. 13 6130 [87] Song L, Zhao Y, Xu B, et al. 2024 Nat. Commun. 15 721 [88] Zheng Z, Ma Q, Bi Z, De La Barrera S, Liu M H, Mao N, Zhang Y, Kiper N, Watanabe K, Taniguchi T, Kong J, Tisdale W A, Ashoori R, Gedik N, Fu L, Xu S Y and Jarillo-Herrero P 2020 Nature 588 71 [89] Ji J, Yu G, Xu C and Xiang H J 2023 Phys. Rev. Lett. 130 146801 [90] Gong C, Kim E M, Wang Y, Lee G and Zhang X 2019 Nat. Commun. 10 2657 [91] Eom J, Lee I H, Kee J Y, et al. 2023 Nat. Commun. 14 5605 [92] Wu Y, Zhang D, Zhang Y N, Deng L and Peng B 2024 Nano Lett. 24 5929 [93] Jiang X, Wang Z, Li C, Sun X, Yang L, Li D, Cui B and Liu D 2024 Chin. Phys. Lett. 41 057501 [94] Li W and Li J 2016 Nat. Commun. 7 10843 [95] Wang H and Qian X 2017 2D Mater. 4 015042 [96] Zhang C, Nie Y, Sanvito S and Du A 2019 Nano Lett. 19 1366 [97] Xuan X, Guo W and Zhang Z 2022 Phys. Rev. Lett. 129 047602 [98] Xu C, Mao J, Guo X, Yan S, Chen Y, Lo T W, Chen C, Lei D, Luo X, Hao J, Zheng C and Zhu Y 2021 Nat. Commun. 12 3665 [99] Van Aken B B, Rivera J P, Schmid H and Fiebig M 2007 Nature 449 702 [100] Ederer C and Spaldin N A 2007 Phys. Rev. B 76 214404 [101] Spaldin N A, FiebigMand MostovoyM2008 J. Phys.: Condens. Matter 20 434203 [102] Hayashida T, Misawa R, Fiebig M and Kimura T 2024 Phys. Rev. B 109 L100401 [103] Gopalan V and Litvin D B 2011 Nat. Mater. 10 376 [104] Cheong S W, Talbayev D, Kiryukhin V and Saxena A 2018 npj Quantum Mater. 3 19 [105] Hayashida T, Uemura Y, Kimura K, Matsuoka S, Morikawa D, Hirose S, Tsuda K, Hasegawa T and Kimura T 2020 Nat. Commun. 11 4582 [106] Jin W, Drueke E, Li S, Admasu A, Owen R, Day M, Sun K, Cheong S W and Zhao L 2020 Nat. Phys. 16 42 [107] Hayashida T, Uemura Y, Kimura K, Matsuoka S, Hagihala M, Hirose S, Morioka H, Hasegawa T and Kimura T 2021 Phys. Rev. Mater. 5 124409 [108] He Z and Khalsa G 2024 Phys. Rev. Res. 6 043220 [109] Liu G, Qiu T, He K, Liu Y, Lin D, Ma Z, Huang Z, Tang W, Xu J, Watanabe K, Taniguchi T, Gao L, Wen J, Liu J M, Yan B and Xi X 2023 Nat. Nanotechnol. 18 854 [110] Rycerz A, Tworzydło J and Beenakker C W J 2007 Nat. Phys. 3 172 [111] Garcia-Pomar J L, Cortijo A and Nieto-Vesperinas M 2008 Phys. Rev. Lett. 100 236801 [112] Zeng H, Dai J, Yao W, Xiao D and Cui X 2012 Nat. Nanotechnol. 7 490 [113] Tong W Y, Gong S J, Wan X and Duan C G 2016 Nat. Commun. 7 13612 [114] Zhang Q, Yang S A, Mi W, Cheng Y and Schwingenschlögl U 2016 Adv. Mater. 28 959 [115] Xie J, Jia L, Shi H, Yang D and Si M 2019 Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. 58 010906 [116] Lu A Y, Zhu H, Xiao J, Chuu C P, Han Y, Chiu M H, Cheng C C, Yang C W, Wei K H, Yang Y, Wang Y, Sokaras D, Nordlund D, Yang P, Muller D A, Chou M Y, Zhang X and Li L J 2017 Nat. Nanotechnol. 12 744 [117] Feng Y, Qi S, Ren Y, Liu M, Liu N, Liu M, Yang Q and Meng S 2025 npj Comput. Mater. 11 264 [118] Seyler K L, Zhong D, Huang B, Linpeng X, Wilson N P, Taniguchi T, Watanabe K, YaoW, Xiao D, McGuire M A, Fu K M C and Xu X 2018 Nano Lett. 18 3823 [119] Vaezi A, Liang Y, Ngai D H, Yang L and Kim E A 2013 Phys. Rev. X 3 021018 [120] Lee D, Behera R K, Wu P, Xu H, Li Y L, Sinnott S B, Phillpot S R, Chen L Q and Gopalan V 2009 Phys. Rev. B 80 060102 [121] Catalan G, Seidel J, Ramesh R and Scott J F 2012 Rev. Mod. Phys. 84 119 [122] Evans D M, Garcia V, Meier D and Bibes M 2020 Phys. Sci. Rev. 5 20190067 [123] Hassanpour E,Weber M C, Zemp Y, Kuerten L, Bortis A, Tokunaga Y, Taguchi Y, Tokura Y, Cano A, Lottermoser Th and Fiebig M 2021 Nat. Commun. 12 2755 [124] Zhang F, Wang Z, Liu L, Nie A, Li Y, Gong Y, Zhu W and Tao C 2024 Nat. Commun. 15 718 [125] Bednyakov P S, Sturman B I, Sluka T, Tagantsev A K and Yudin P V 2018 npj Comput. Mater. 4 65 [126] Seidel J, Martin L W, He Q, et al. 2009 Nat. Mater. 8 229 [127] Daranciang D, Highland M J, Wen H, et al. 2012 Phys. Rev. Lett. 108 087601 [128] Mankowsky R, Von Hoegen A, Först M and Cavalleri A 2017 Phys. Rev. Lett. 118 197601 [129] Wang Y, Hossain M S, Li T, Xiong Y, Le C, Kuebler J, Raghavan N, Fernandez-Ballester L, Hong X, Sinitskii A and CenturionM2025 Nat. Commun. 16 8132 [130] Morimoto T, Miyamoto T, Yamakawa H, Terashige T, Ono T, Kida N and Okamoto H 2017 Phys. Rev. Lett. 118 107602 [131] Li T, Lipatov A, Lu H, Lee H, Lee J W, Torun E, Wirtz L, Eom C B, I ñiguez J, Sinitskii A and Gruverman A 2018 Nat. Commun. 9 3344 [132] Luo D, Zhang B, Sie E J, Nyby C M, Fan Q, Shen X, Reid A H, Hoffmann M C, Weathersby S, Wen J, Qian X, Wang X and Lindenberg A M 2023 Nano Lett. 23 2287 [133] Tian D, Zhong S, Dong J, et al. 2026 Nat. Mater. 25 956 |
| No Suggested Reading articles found! |
|
|
Viewed |
|
|
|
Full text
|
|
|
|
|
Abstract
|
|
|
|
|
Cited |
|
|
|
|
Altmetric
|
|
blogs
Facebook pages
Wikipedia page
Google+ users
|
Online attention
Altmetric calculates a score based on the online attention an article receives. Each coloured thread in the circle represents a different type of online attention. The number in the centre is the Altmetric score. Social media and mainstream news media are the main sources that calculate the score. Reference managers such as Mendeley are also tracked but do not contribute to the score. Older articles often score higher because they have had more time to get noticed. To account for this, Altmetric has included the context data for other articles of a similar age.
View more on Altmetrics
|
|
|