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Two innovative equivalent statements of the third law of thermodynamics |
| Xiaohang Chen(陈晓航)†, Yinghui Zhou(周颖慧)†, and Jincan Chen(陈金灿)|‡ |
| Department of Physics, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China |
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Abstract It is found from textbooks and literature that there are three different statements for the third law of thermodynamics, i.e., the Nernst theorem, the unattainability statement of absolute zero temperature, and the heat capacity statement. It is pointed out that such three statements correspond to three thermodynamic parameters, which are, respectively, the entropy, temperature, and heat capacity, and can be obtained by extrapolating the experimental results of different parameters at ultra-low temperatures to absolute zero. It is expounded that because there is no need for additional assumptions in the derivation of the Nernst equation, the Nernst theorem should be renamed as the Nernst statement. Moreover, it is proved that both the Nernst statement and the heat capacity statement are mutually deducible and equivalent, while the unattainability of absolute zero temperature is only a corollary of the Nernst statement or the heat capacity statement so that it is unsuitably referred to as one statement of the third law of thermodynamics. The conclusion is that the Nernst statement and the heat capacity statement are two equivalent statements of the third law of thermodynamics.
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Received: 07 January 2024
Revised: 19 March 2024
Accepted manuscript online: 03 April 2024
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PACS:
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05.70.-a
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(Thermodynamics)
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05.70.Ln
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(Nonequilibrium and irreversible thermodynamics)
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| Fund: Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 12075197) and the Fundamental Research Fund for the Central Universities of China (Grant No. 20720210020). |
Corresponding Authors:
Jincan Chen
E-mail: jcchen@xmu.edu.cn
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Cite this article:
Xiaohang Chen(陈晓航), Yinghui Zhou(周颖慧), and Jincan Chen(陈金灿)| Two innovative equivalent statements of the third law of thermodynamics 2024 Chin. Phys. B 33 060504
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