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Chin. Phys. B, 2016, Vol. 25(1): 017104    DOI: 10.1088/1674-1056/25/1/017104
Special Issue: TOPICAL REVIEW — Fundamental physics research in lithium batteries
TOPICAL REVIEW—Fundamental physics research in lithium batteries Prev   Next  

Soft x-ray spectroscopy for probing electronic and chemical states of battery materials

Wanli Yang(杨万里) and Ruimin Qiao(乔瑞敏)
Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
Abstract  

The formidable challenge of developing high-performance battery system stems from the complication of battery operations, both mechanically and electronically. In the electrodes and at the electrode-electrolyte interfaces, chemical reactions take place with evolving electron states. In addition to the extensive studies of material synthesis, electrochemical, structural, and mechanical properties, soft x-ray spectroscopy provides unique opportunities for revealing the critical electron states in batteries. This review discusses some of the recent soft x-ray spectroscopic results on battery binder, transition-metal based positive electrodes, and the solid-electrolyte-interphase. By virtue of soft x-ray's sensitivity to electron states, the electronic property, the redox during electrochemical operations, and the chemical species of the interphases could be fingerprinted by soft x-ray spectroscopy. Understanding and innovating battery technologies need a multimodal approach, and soft x-ray spectroscopy is one of the incisive tools to probe the chemical and physical evolutions in batteries.

Keywords:  soft x-ray spectroscopy      batteries      solid-electrolyte-interphase      electronic structure  
Received:  21 June 2015      Revised:  14 July 2015      Accepted manuscript online: 
PACS:  71.90.+q (Other topics in electronic structure)  
Corresponding Authors:  Wanli Yang     E-mail:  wlyang@lbl.gov

Cite this article: 

Wanli Yang(杨万里) and Ruimin Qiao(乔瑞敏) Soft x-ray spectroscopy for probing electronic and chemical states of battery materials 2016 Chin. Phys. B 25 017104

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