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Purification of copper foils driven by single crystallization |
| Jin-Zong Kou(寇金宗)1,2,3,4, Meng-Ze Zhao(赵孟泽)5, Xing-Guang Li(李兴光)5, Meng-Lin He(何梦林)1, Fang-You Yang(杨方友)1, Ke-Hai Liu(刘科海)1, Qing-Qiu Cheng(成庆秋)3,4, Yun-Long Ren(任云龙)3,4, Can Liu(刘灿)6,†, Ying Fu(付莹)1,‡, Mu-Hong Wu(吴慕鸿)1,7,§, Kai-Hui Liu(刘开辉)1,5,7, and En-Ge Wang(王恩哥)1,7,8 |
1 Songshan Lake Materials Laboratory, Dongguan 523808, China;
2 Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China;
3 Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Quantum Engineering and Quantum Materials, School of Physics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China;
4 Guangdong-Hong Kong Joint Laboratory of Quantum Matter, Frontier Research Institute for Physics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China;
5 State Key Laboratory for Mesoscopic Physics, Frontiers Science Center for Nano-optoelectronics, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China;
6 Key Laboratory of Quantum State Construction and Manipulation(Ministry of Education), Department of Physics, Renmin University of China, Beijing 100872, China;
7 International Center for Quantum Materials, Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum Matter, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China;
8 School of Physics, Liaoning University, Shenyang 110036, China |
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Abstract High-purity copper (Cu) with excellent thermal and electrical conductivity, is crucial in modern technological applications, including heat exchangers, integrated circuits, and superconducting magnets. The current purification process is mainly based on the zone/electrolytic refining or anion exchange, however, which excessively relies on specific integrated equipment with ultra-high vacuum or chemical solution environment, and is also bothered by external contaminants and energy consumption. Here we report a simple approach to purify the Cu foils from 99.9% (3N) to 99.99% (4N) by a temperature-gradient thermal annealing technique, accompanied by the kinetic evolution of single crystallization of Cu. The success of purification mainly relies on (i) the segregation of elements with low effective distribution coefficient driven by grain-boundary movements and (ii) the high-temperature evaporation of elements with high saturated vapor pressure. The purified Cu foils display higher flexibility (elongation of 70%) and electrical conductivity (104% IACS) than that of the original commercial rolled Cu foils (elongation of 10%, electrical conductivity of ～ 100% IACS). Our results provide an effective strategy to optimize the as-produced metal medium, and therefore will facilitate the potential applications of Cu foils in precision electronic products and high-frequency printed circuit boards.
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Received: 08 September 2023
Revised: 21 November 2023
Accepted manuscript online: 22 November 2023
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PACS:
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81.05.Bx
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(Metals, semimetals, and alloys)
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81.20.Ym
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(Purification)
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61.72.S-
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(Impurities in crystals)
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| Fund: Project supported by the Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation of Guangdong Province, China (Grant Nos. 2019A1515110302 and 2022A1515140003), the Key Research and Development Program of Guangdong Province, China (Grant Nos. 2020B010189001, 2021B0301030002, 2019B010931001, and 2018B030327001), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 52172035, 52025023, 52322205, 51991342, 52021006, 51991344, 52100115, 11888101, 92163206, 12104018, and 12274456), the National Key Research and Development Program of China (Grant Nos. 2021YFB3200303, 2022YFA1405600, 2018YFA0703700, 2021YFA1400201, and 2021YFA1400502), the Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (Grant No. XDB33000000), the Pearl River Talent Recruitment Program of Guangdong Province, China (Grant No. 2019ZT08C321), China Postdoctoral Science Foundation (Grant Nos. 2020T130022 and 2020M680178), and the Science and Technology Plan Project of Liaoning Province, China (Grant No. 2021JH2/10100012). |
Corresponding Authors:
Can Liu, Ying Fu, Mu-Hong Wu
E-mail: canliu@ruc.edu.cn;fuying@sslab.org.cn;mhwu@pku.edu.cn
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Cite this article:
Jin-Zong Kou(寇金宗), Meng-Ze Zhao(赵孟泽), Xing-Guang Li(李兴光), Meng-Lin He(何梦林), Fang-You Yang(杨方友), Ke-Hai Liu(刘科海), Qing-Qiu Cheng(成庆秋), Yun-Long Ren(任云龙), Can Liu(刘灿), Ying Fu(付莹), Mu-Hong Wu(吴慕鸿), Kai-Hui Liu(刘开辉), and En-Ge Wang(王恩哥) Purification of copper foils driven by single crystallization 2024 Chin. Phys. B 33 028101
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