Hydrothermal synthesis and characterization of carbon-doped TiO2 nanoparticles
Zafar Ali1, Javaid Ismail1, Rafaqat Hussain2, A. Shah3, Arshad Mahmood3, Arbab Mohammad Toufiq4, and Shams ur Rahman1, †
1 Department of Physics, COMSATS University Islamabad, Park Road, Islamabad 45550, Pakistan 2 Department of Chemistry, COMSATS University Islamabad, Park Road, Islamabad 45550, Pakistan 3 National Institute of Lasers and Optronics College, Pakistan Institute of Engineering and Applied Sciences (NILOP-C, PIEAS), Nilore 45650, Islamabad, Pakistan 4 Department of Physics, Hazara University Mansehra, Mansehra 21300, Pakistan
We report the hydrothermal growth of pure and doped TiO2 nanoparticles with different concentrations of carbon. The microstructure of the as-synthesized samples is characterized by x-ray diffraction (XRD), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy (EDX), and Raman spectroscopy to understand the structure and composition. The XRD patterns confirm the formation of anatase phase of TiO2 with the average crystallite size is calculated to be in the range of 13 nm to 14.7 nm. The functional groups of these nanostructures are characterized by Fourier transformed infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, which further confirms the single anatase phase of the synthesized nanostructures. UV-visible absorption spectroscopy is used to understand the absorption behavior, which shows modification in the optical bandgap from 3.13 eV (pure TiO2) to 3.74 eV (1.2 mol% C-doped TiO2). Furthermore, the Ti3+ centers associated with oxygen vacancies are identified using electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy (EPR).
Zafar Ali, Javaid Ismail, Rafaqat Hussain, A. Shah, Arshad Mahmood, Arbab Mohammad Toufiq, and Shams ur Rahman Hydrothermal synthesis and characterization of carbon-doped TiO2 nanoparticles 2020 Chin. Phys. B 29 118102
Fig. 1.
The XRD patterns of pure and C-doped TiO2 NPs synthesized by the hydrothermal approach.
Fig. 2.
The EDX spectrum of (a) pure and (b) 1.2% C-doped TiO2 NPs.
Fig. 3.
The FESEM images showing the morphology of (a) pure TiO2 and (b) 1.2% C-doped TiO2 NPs.
Fig. 4.
Raman spectra of pure and C-doped TiO2 NPs.
Fig. 5.
The FT-IR spectra of pure and C-doped TiO2 NPs.
Fig. 6.
(a) UV–vis absorption spectra, (b) Tauc plot of pure and carbon-doped TiO2 NPs.
Doping concentration of glucose/mol%
Absorption wavelength/nm
Bandgap/eV
0.00
396
3.13
0.20
350
3.54
0.60
339
3.66
1.20
332
3.74
Table 1.
Bandgap of the undoped and doped TiO2 NPs and their corresponding absorption wavelengths.
Fig. 7.
Room temperature EPR spectra of pure and C-doped TiO2 NPs.
[1]
Khan A, Toufiq A M, Tariq F, Khan Y, Hussain R, Akhtar N, Rahman S U 2019 Mater. Res. Express.6 065043 DOI: 10.1088/2053-1591/ab0aaf
Yoon S D, Chen Y, Yang A, Goodrich T L, Zuo X, Arena D A, Ziemer K, Vittoria C, Harris V G 2006 J. Phys.: Condens. Matter18 L355 DOI: 10.1088/0953-8984/18/27/L01
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