| TOPICAL REVIEW — Multiferroicity and multicaloric effects |
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Design of electrocaloric materials based on E-T phase diagrams |
| Fei Han(韩飞)1, Rongju Zhong(钟容菊)1, Jikun Yang(杨继昆)2, Chuanbao Liu(刘传宝)1, and Yang Bai(白洋)1,† |
1 Beijing Key Laboratory of Materials Intelligent Technology, Institute for Advanced Materials and Technology, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China;
2 Department of Physics, School of Mathematics and Physics, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China |
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Abstract As electronic technology continues to evolve towards miniaturization and integration, the demand for micro-refrigeration technology in microelectronic systems is increasing. Ferroelectric (FE) refrigeration technology based on the electrocaloric effect (ECE) has emerged as a highly promising candidate in this field, due to its advantages of high energy efficiency, simple structure, easy miniaturization, low cost, and environmental friendliness. The EC performance of FE materials essentially depends on the phase transition features under the coupled electric and thermal fields, making the $E$-$T$ phase diagram a core tool for decoding the underlying mechanism of ECE. This paper reviews the development of EC materials, focusing on the comprehensive study of $E$-$T$ phase diagrams. By correlating the microscopic phase structure of FE materials with the macroscopic physical properties, it clarifies the manipulation mechanism for enhanced ECE performance, providing theoretical support for the targeted design of high-performance EC materials. In the future, the introduction of data-driven methods is expected to enable the high-throughput construction of FE phase diagrams, thereby accelerating the optimization of high-performance EC materials and promoting the practical application of FE refrigeration technology.
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Received: 22 November 2025
Revised: 27 December 2025
Accepted manuscript online: 04 January 2026
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PACS:
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77.80.-e
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(Ferroelectricity and antiferroelectricity)
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77.80.bn
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(Strain and interface effects)
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77.84.-s
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(Dielectric, piezoelectric, ferroelectric, and antiferroelectric materials)
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| Fund: Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. U25A20232, 52325208, 52173217, and 52202128) and the Interdisciplinary Research Project for Young Teachers of USTB (Grant No. FRF-IDRY-24-002). |
Corresponding Authors:
Yang Bai
E-mail: baiy@mater.ustb.edu.cn
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Cite this article:
Fei Han(韩飞), Rongju Zhong(钟容菊), Jikun Yang(杨继昆), Chuanbao Liu(刘传宝), and Yang Bai(白洋) Design of electrocaloric materials based on E-T phase diagrams 2026 Chin. Phys. B 35 027704
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