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Effect of impact velocity on spall behaviors of nanocrystalline iron: Molecular dynamics study |
| Li-Qiong Chen(陈利琼), Kui Zhao(赵奎), Kai Zhang(张开)†, Ze-Zhi Wen(文泽智), Hou-Jin Mei(梅后金), and Zhen-Bao Xiong(熊珍宝) |
| School of Petroleum Engineering, Southwest Petroleum University, Chengdu 610000, China |
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Abstract This study investigates the effect of shock velocity ($u_{\rm p}$) on damage evolution mechanisms in nanocrystalline iron via molecular dynamics simulations. As $u_{\rm p}$ increases, shock wave propagation accelerates, and stress distribution transitions from grain boundary concentration to homogeneity. This causes a transition in fracture mode from cleavage to ductile behavior. When $u_{\rm p}$ exceeds 1.5 km$\cdot$s$^{-1}$, micro-spallation emerges as the dominant failure mode. During micro-spallation, localized melting within the material impedes the propagation of the shock wave. As $u_{\rm p}$ increases, the growth rate of the void volume fraction initially rises but then decreases. Higher $u_{\rm p}$ leads to earlier void nucleation. At lower $u_{\rm p}$, the cavitation of the model is mainly characterized by the growth and penetration of a few voids. With increasing $u_{\rm p}$, the number of voids grows, and their interactions expand the delamination damage region. The spall strength demonstrates stage-specific dependence on $u_{\rm p}$. In the classical spallation stage (C_I), temperature softening reduces spall strength. In the plastic strengthening regime (C_II), strain hardening enhances spall strength. In the micro-spallation stage (M_III), further increases in $u_{\rm p}$ cause melting during tensile and compressive phases, reducing spall strength. Finally, in the compression-melting regime (M_IV), local temperatures exceed the melting point, diminishing plastic damage and accelerating spall strength reduction. This study provides new insights into the dynamic response of nanocrystalline iron.
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Received: 01 March 2025
Revised: 28 April 2025
Accepted manuscript online: 07 May 2025
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PACS:
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62.50.Ef
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(Shock wave effects in solids and liquids)
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02.70.Ns
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(Molecular dynamics and particle methods)
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81.40.Np
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(Fatigue, corrosion fatigue, embrittlement, cracking, fracture, and failure)
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Corresponding Authors:
Kai Zhang
E-mail: 202221000831@stu.swpu.edu.cn
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Cite this article:
Li-Qiong Chen(陈利琼), Kui Zhao(赵奎), Kai Zhang(张开), Ze-Zhi Wen(文泽智), Hou-Jin Mei(梅后金), and Zhen-Bao Xiong(熊珍宝) Effect of impact velocity on spall behaviors of nanocrystalline iron: Molecular dynamics study 2025 Chin. Phys. B 34 096201
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