Effect of weak randomness flaws on security evaluation of practical quantum key distribution with distinguishable decoy states
Yu Zhou(周雨)1,2, Hong-Wei Li(李宏伟)1,2,†, Chun Zhou(周淳)1,2, Yang Wang(汪洋)1,2, Yi-Fei Lu(陆宜飞)1,2, Mu-Sheng Jiang(江木生)1,2, Xiao-Xu Zhang(张晓旭)1,2, and Wan-Su Bao(鲍皖苏)1,2,‡
1 Henan Key Laboratory of Quantum Information and Cryptography, SSF IEU, Zhengzhou 450001, China; 2 Synergetic Innovation Centre of Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
Abstract Quantum key distribution provides an unconditional secure key sharing method in theory, but the imperfect factors of practical devices will bring security vulnerabilities. In this paper, we characterize the imperfections of the sender and analyze the possible attack strategies of Eve. Firstly, we present a quantized model for distinguishability of decoy states caused by intensity modulation. Besides, considering that Eve may control the preparation of states through hidden variables, we evaluate the security of preparation in practical quantum key distribution (QKD) scheme based on the weak-randomness model. Finally, we analyze the influence of the distinguishability of decoy state to secure key rate, for Eve may conduct the beam splitting attack and control the channel attenuation of different parts. Through the simulation, it can be seen that the secure key rate is sensitive to the distinguishability of decoy state and weak randomness, especially when Eve can control the channel attenuation.
Fund: Project supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China (Grant No. 2020YFA0309702), NSAF (Grant No. U2130205), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 62101597, 61605248, and 61505261), the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation (Grant No. 2021M691536), the Natural Science Foundation of Henan (Grant Nos. 202300410534 and 202300410532), and the Anhui Initiative in Quantum Information Technologies.
Corresponding Authors:
Hong-Wei Li, Wan-Su Bao
E-mail: lhw@qiclab.cn;bws@qiclab.cn
Cite this article:
Yu Zhou(周雨), Hong-Wei Li(李宏伟), Chun Zhou(周淳), Yang Wang(汪洋), Yi-Fei Lu(陆宜飞),Mu-Sheng Jiang(江木生), Xiao-Xu Zhang(张晓旭), and Wan-Su Bao(鲍皖苏) Effect of weak randomness flaws on security evaluation of practical quantum key distribution with distinguishable decoy states 2023 Chin. Phys. B 32 050305
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