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Asymmetric gaps of tetralayer graphene unveiled by thermodynamic characterization |
| Zhuangzhuang Qu(曲壮壮)1,†, Zhuoxian Li(李卓贤)1,†, Boxi Li(李博熙)1,†, Lipeng Hou(侯立芃)2,†, Xianghan Han(韩香岩)1, Qianling Liu(刘倩伶)1, Zhiyu Wang(王知雨)1, Kenji Watanabe3, Takashi Taniguchi3, Yanmeng Shi(史衍猛)2,4,‡, and Jianming Lu(路建明)1,§ |
1 State Key Laboratory for Mesoscopic Physics, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China;
2 State Key Laboratory of Semiconductor Physics and Chip Technologies, Institute of Semiconductors, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100083, China;
3 National Institute for Materials Science, 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba, 305-0044, Japan;
4 Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China |
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Abstract Tetralayer graphene has shown several interesting properties such as tunable Lifshitz transitions, helical edge states, and high-temperature anomalous Hall effects. The band structure, which directly relates to these phenomena, has so far been predominantly determined by fitting Landau-level spectra. Here, by characterizing the electronic capacitance, we reveal unprecedented details of its band structure: the energy shift between the heavy- and light-mass band edges in the conduction band is much larger than that in the valence band. Their responses to displacement fields are also distinct: while the former increases monotonically and significantly, the latter first decreases and then increases slightly. Our results suggest that the interlayer interactions and hopping parameters are more complex than previously expected, calling for precise measurements of band structures in various multilayer van der Waals systems.
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Received: 11 June 2025
Revised: 21 July 2025
Accepted manuscript online: 11 August 2025
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PACS:
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72.80.Vp
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(Electronic transport in graphene)
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84.37.+q
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(Measurements in electric variables (including voltage, current, resistance, capacitance, inductance, impedance, and admittance, etc.))
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| Fund: This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 123B1037 and 12274402) and the National Key Research and Development Program of China (Grant No. 2024YFA1409700). |
Corresponding Authors:
Yanmeng Shi, Jianming Lu
E-mail: ymshi@semi.ac.cn;jmlu@lam.ln.cn
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Cite this article:
Zhuangzhuang Qu(曲壮壮), Zhuoxian Li(李卓贤), Boxi Li(李博熙), Lipeng Hou(侯立芃), Xianghan Han(韩香岩), Qianling Liu(刘倩伶), Zhiyu Wang(王知雨), Kenji Watanabe, Takashi Taniguchi, Yanmeng Shi(史衍猛), and Jianming Lu(路建明) Asymmetric gaps of tetralayer graphene unveiled by thermodynamic characterization 2025 Chin. Phys. B 34 117201
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