| ELECTROMAGNETISM, OPTICS, ACOUSTICS, HEAT TRANSFER, CLASSICAL MECHANICS, AND FLUID DYNAMICS |
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Four-stage cascaded variable optical attenuator with large attenuation range for quantum key distribution |
| Qing-Hai Liu(刘清海)1,2, Pan Pan(潘盼)1,†, Jin You(游金)2,3, Jia-Shun Zhang(张家顺)2,‡, Ya Wang(汪亚)1, Yu-Ting Wang(王玉婷)1, Liang-Liang Wang(王亮亮)2,3, Jun-Ming An(安俊明)2,3,4, Da-Jian Cui(崔大健)5,6, Lang Zhou(周浪)5,6, and Wei Chen(陈伟)5,6 |
1 School of Electronic Engineering and Intelligent Manufacturing, Anqing Normal University, Anqing 246133, China;
2 State Key Laboratory of Integrated Optoelectronics, Institute of Semiconductors, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100083, China;
3 College of Materials Science and Opto-Electronic Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China;
4 Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China;
5 Chongqing Key Laboratory of Core Optoelectronic Devices for Quantum Communication, Chongqing 400060, China;
6 College of Materials Science and Opto-Electronic Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China |
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Abstract A four-stage cascaded variable optical attenuator (VOA) with a large attenuation range is presented. The VOA is based on a Mach-Zehnder interferometer (MZI) and fabricated in a silica-based planar lightwave circuit (PLC) platform. The thermo-optic effect is used to achieve intensity modulation. The measured maximum attenuation of the four-stage cascaded VOA is 88.38 dB. The chip is also tested in a quantum key distribution (QKD) system to generate signal and decoy states. The mean photon number after attenuation of the four-stage cascaded VOA is less than 0.1, which can meet the requirement of QKD.
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Received: 31 May 2022
Revised: 23 July 2022
Accepted manuscript online: 19 August 2022
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PACS:
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42.82.Et
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(Waveguides, couplers, and arrays)
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42.30.Lr
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(Modulation and optical transfer functions)
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42.82.Bq
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(Design and performance testing of integrated-optical systems)
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| Fund: Project supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China (Grant No. 2019YFB2203504), Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (Grant No. XDB43000000), and the Natural Science Foundation of Anhui Province, China (Grant No. 1908085QF274). |
Corresponding Authors:
Pan Pan, Jia-Shun Zhang
E-mail: panpan1988@semi.ac.cn;zhangjiashun@semi.ac.cn
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Cite this article:
Qing-Hai Liu(刘清海), Pan Pan(潘盼), Jin You(游金), Jia-Shun Zhang(张家顺), Ya Wang(汪亚),Yu-Ting Wang(王玉婷), Liang-Liang Wang(王亮亮), Jun-Ming An(安俊明),Da-Jian Cui(崔大健), Lang Zhou(周浪), and Wei Chen(陈伟) Four-stage cascaded variable optical attenuator with large attenuation range for quantum key distribution 2023 Chin. Phys. B 32 054207
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