Non-Hermitian birefringent Dirac fermions driven by electromagnetic fields

doi:10.1088/1674-1056/adcaa1

Abstract We investigate the behavior of non-Hermitian birefringent Dirac fermions by examining their interaction with electromagnetic fields through renormalization group analysis. Our research reveals that the interplay between non-Hermiticity and birefringence leads to distinct behaviors in two and three dimensions, where the system exhibits different fixed points and scaling properties due to dimension-dependent charge renormalization effects. In two dimensions, where the electronic charge remains unrenormalized, the system flows in the deep infrared limit from non-Hermitian birefringent spin-3/2 fermions to two copies of non-Hermitian spin-1/2 Dirac fermions, demonstrating a crossover of relativistic liquid and non-relativistic liquid. In three dimensions, dynamic screening of electromagnetic interactions modifies the logarithmic growth of Fermi velocity, leading to richer quantum corrections while maintaining similar suppression of birefringence in the infrared limit. Our findings provide theoretical insights into the emergence of Lorentz symmetry in non-Hermitian systems, laying theoretical foundations for studying low-energy behavior in other non-Hermitian models.

Keywords: non-Hermitian birefringent Dirac fermions renormalization group analysis dimension-dependent charge renormalization non-Hermitian Fermi velocity Lorentz symmetry

Received: 17 February 2025
Revised: 08 April 2025
Accepted manuscript online: 09 April 2025

PACS:	71.10.Fd	(Lattice fermion models (Hubbard model, etc.))
	71.10.-w	(Theories and models of many-electron systems)
	71.10.Ay	(Fermi-liquid theory and other phenomenological models)
	71.15.Rf	(Relativistic effects)

Fund: Project supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China (Grants Nos. 2021YFA1400900, 2021YFA0718300, and 2021YFA1400243), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 61835013, 12174461, and 12234012), and the Fund from the Space Application System of China Manned Space Program.

Corresponding Authors: Cheng-Xi Li, Wu-Ming Liu
E-mail: lcxtom@icloud.com;wliu@iphy.ac.cn

Cite this article:

Kai Liu(刘恺), Wan-Zi Sun(孙万梓), Cheng-Xi Li(李成蹊), and Wu-Ming Liu(刘伍明) Non-Hermitian birefringent Dirac fermions driven by electromagnetic fields 2025 Chin. Phys. B 34 077104

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Non-Hermitian birefringent Dirac fermions driven by electromagnetic fields

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