| ELECTROMAGNETISM, OPTICS, ACOUSTICS, HEAT TRANSFER, CLASSICAL MECHANICS, AND FLUID DYNAMICS |
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Heterogeneous integration of silicon nitride photonics and CVD-grown WS2 for second harmonic generation |
| Xuhang Jia(贾旭航)1,2,†, Bangren Xu(许邦仁)1,2,†, Jieyi Luo(罗劼舣)1,2,†, Ning Liu(刘宁)1,2, Yuhang Wang(王宇航)1,2, Biyuan Zheng(郑弼元)1,2, Wei Xu(徐威)1,2, and Ken Liu(刘肯)1,2,‡ |
1 College of Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies & Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Novel Nano-optoelectronic Information Materials and Devices, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha 410073, China;
2 Nanhu Laser Laboratory, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha 410073, China |
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Abstract Silicon nitride photonics has emerged as a promising integrated optical platform due to its broad transparency window, low optical loss, and mature fabrication technology. However, the inherent centrosymmetric crystal structure of silicon nitride fundamentally restricts its applications in second-order nonlinear optical processes. Monolayer transition metal dichalcogenides, particularly tungsten disulfide (WS$_{2}$), exhibit strong second-order nonlinear responses, making them ideal candidates for nonlinear photonic applications. Herein, we demonstrate a heterogeneously integrated platform combining silicon nitride waveguides with chemical vapor deposition (CVD)-grown monolayer WS$_{2}$, enabling second harmonic generation. A specially designed silica cladding featuring gentle-slope profile on silicon nitride strip waveguides facilitates the integration of centimeter-scale WS$_{2}$ film with photonic circuits. This approach provides a robust solution for incorporating second-order nonlinearity into silicon nitride photonic systems. The demonstrated platform holds significant potential for advancing quantum networks, visible-light lasers, and integrated optical modulation/detection systems.
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Received: 26 February 2025
Revised: 28 March 2025
Accepted manuscript online: 02 April 2025
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PACS:
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42.65.Ky
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(Frequency conversion; harmonic generation, including higher-order harmonic generation)
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42.82.Et
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(Waveguides, couplers, and arrays)
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78.67.-n
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(Optical properties of low-dimensional, mesoscopic, and nanoscale materials and structures)
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81.07.-b
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(Nanoscale materials and structures: fabrication and characterization)
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| Fund: Project supported by the National Innovative Training Program for College Students of China (Grant No. 2023069) and the University Research and Innovation Project of the National University of Defense Technology. |
Corresponding Authors:
Ken Liu
E-mail: liukener@163.com
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Cite this article:
Xuhang Jia(贾旭航), Bangren Xu(许邦仁), Jieyi Luo(罗劼舣), Ning Liu(刘宁), Yuhang Wang(王宇航), Biyuan Zheng(郑弼元), Wei Xu(徐威), and Ken Liu(刘肯) Heterogeneous integration of silicon nitride photonics and CVD-grown WS2 for second harmonic generation 2025 Chin. Phys. B 34 074205
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