Structural evolution-enabled BiFeO3 modulated by strontium doping with enhanced dielectric, optical and superparamagnetic properties by a modified sol-gel method
Sharon V S, Veena Gopalan E, and Malini K A†
Department of Physics Vimala College Thrissur-9, Kerala, India
Abstract Multiferroic (BFO) nanoparticles doped with strontium with the general formula BiSrFeO (, 0.3, 0.5, 0.7) were synthesized using a modified sol-gel auto-combustion process. The structural, electrical, optical, and magnetic properties of the samples are discussed. The structural analysis, carried out using the x-ray powder diffraction technique, shows a structural transition from rhombohedral (-) to cubic (-) for the doping amount of strontium (Sr) equal to . Morphological analysis of the prepared samples were carried out using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Frequency-dependent dielectric constant and ac conductivity were studied. The doped samples, with improved dielectric properties, can be used to fabricate different optoelectronic devices. Strong dielectric dispersion and broad relaxation were exhibited by all the samples. Cole-Cole plots were employed as an effective tool to study the dispersion parameters, namely, the optical dielectric constant, static dielectric constant, relaxation time, and spreading factor. The activation energy was calculated from the relaxation peaks and Cole-Cole plots, which were found to be compatible with each other. The bandgap of the samples was calculated using diffuse reflectance spectral (DRS) analysis. Sharp and strong photoluminescence in the IR region was observed in the samples, similar to ZnO, which was reported for the first time. Room-temperature and low-temperature magnetization studies point towards the superparamagnetic nature of the samples, with an improvement in magnetic properties with doping. The antiferromagnetic behavior of bulk bismuth ferrite transforms to superparamagnetic in nature for both pure and Sr-substituted bismuth ferrite nanoparticles due to the close dimensions of crystallite size with magnetic domains leading to the break-down of the frustrated spin cycloidal moment.
Fund: Project supported by the Support from DST, Govt of India for the FIST grant sanctioned to Vimala College Thrissur (Grant No. SR/FST/College-046/2011). The authors also thank Dr. M. R Anantharaman, CUSAT for dielectric measurement, and STIC CUSAT for structural characterization. The authors would like to thank Sultan Qaboos University for the support provided during this study.
Corresponding Authors:
Malini K A
E-mail: malinijayram@vimalacollege.edu.in
Cite this article:
Sharon V S, Veena Gopalan E, and Malini K A Structural evolution-enabled BiFeO3 modulated by strontium doping with enhanced dielectric, optical and superparamagnetic properties by a modified sol-gel method 2023 Chin. Phys. B 32 037504
[1] Eerenstein W, Mathur N D and Scott J F 2006 Nature442 759 [2] Zavaliche F, Zhao T, Zheng H, Straub F, Cruz M P, Yang P L, Hao D and Ramesh R 2007 Nano Lett.7 1586 [3] Spaldin N A and Fiebig M 2005 Science309 391 [4] Bhushan B, Basumallick A, Vasanthacharya N Y, Kumar S and Das D 2010 Solid State Sciences12 1063 [5] Khomchenko V A, Kiselev D A, Selezneva E K, Vieira J M, Lopes A M L, Pogorelov Y G, Araujo J P and Kholkin A L 2008 Materials Letters62 1927 [6] Soibam I and Devadatta Mani A 2018 Materials Today: Proceedings vol. 5 (Elsevier Ltd) pp. 2064-73 [7] Ahlawat A, Satapathy S, Bhartiya S, Singh M K, Choudhary R J and Gupta P K 2014 Appl. Phys. Lett.104 042902 [8] Costa L V, Ranieri M G, Cilense M, Longo E and Simoes A Z 2014 J. Appl. Phys.115 17D910 [9] Hussain T, Siddiqi S A, Atiq S and Awan M S 2013 Progress in Natural Science: Materials International23 487 [10] Anju, Agarwal A, Aghamkar P and Lal B 2017 J. Magn. Magn. Mater.426 800 [11] Van Minh N and Gia Quan N 2011 J. Alloys Compd.509 2663 [12] Kalyanasundaram K and Grätzel M 1998 1998 Applications of Functionalized Transition Metal Complexes in Photonic and Optoelectronic Devices vol. 77 [13] Ma W, Sun Q, Sun M, Bai L, Liu Y, Zhang J and Yang J 2022 Appl. Surf. Sci.571 151130 [14] Hegab A F, Farag I S A, El-Shabiny A M, Nassaar A M and Ramadan A A 2015 Journal of Ovonic Research11 235 [15] Razet A 1998 Metrologia35 143 [16] Jun Y K, Moon W T, Chang C M, Kim H S, Ryu H S, Kim J W, Kim K H and Hong S H 2005 Solid State Commun.135 133 [17] Singh R and Ulrich R K 1999 Electrochemical Society Interface8 26 [18] Yadav V S, Sahu D K, Singh Y and Dhubkarya D C 2010 Proceedings of the International MultiConference of Engineers and Computer Scientists 2010, IMECS3 1593 [19] Veena Gopalan E, Malini K A, Sakthi Kumar D, Yoshida Y, Al-Omari I A, Saravanan S and Anantharaman M R 2009 J. Phys.: Condens. Matter21 146006 [20] Abo El Ata A M and Attia S M 2003 J. Magn. Magn. Mater.257 165 [21] Kaur B, Singh L, Annapu Reddy V, Jeong D Y, Dabra N and Hundal J S 2016 International Journal of Electrochemical Science11 4120 [22] Wang Y P, Zhou L, Zhang M F, Chen X Y, Liu J M and Liu Z G 2004 Appl. Phys. Lett.84 1731 [23] Mostafa M, Rahman M J and Choudhury S 2019 Science and Engineering of Composite Materials26 62 [24] Chang F, Zhang N, Yang F, Wang S and Song G 2007 J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys.40 7799 [25] Daniel V 1967 Dielectric relaxation (New York: Academic Press) [26] Hill N E 1969 Dielectric properties and molecular behaviour (eBook) [27] Sagar S, Saravanan S, Suresh Kumar S, Venkatachalam S and Anantharaman M R 2006 J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys.39 1678 [28] Rayssi C, El Kossi S, Dhahri J and Khirouni K 2018 RSC Advances8 17139 [29] Chawla M, Shekhawat N, Aggarwal S, Sharma A and Nair K G M 2014 J. Appl. Phys.115 184104 [30] Chaudhuri A and Mandal K 2014 JJ. Magn. Magn. Mater.353 57 [31] Rao T D, Karthik T and Asthana S 2013 Journal of Rare Earths31 370 [32] Francis P N, Dhanuskodi S, Jayalakshmy M S, Muneeswaran M, Philip J and Giridharan N V 2018 Materials Chemistry and Physics216 93 [33] Kaur B, Singh L, Annapu Reddy V, Jeong D Y, Dabra N and Hundal J S 2016 International Journal of Electrochemical Science11 4120 [34] Li Z, Shen Y, Yang C, Lei Y, Guan Y, Lin Y, Liu D and Nan C W 2013 Journal of Materials Chemistry A1 823 [35] McDonnell K, Wadnerkar N, English N J, Rahman M and Dowling D 2013 Chemical Physics Letters572 78 [36] Deng J, Banerjee S, Mohapatra S K, Smith Y R and Misra M 2011 Journal of Fundamentals of Renewable Energy and Applications1 1 [37] Boccuzzi F, Ghiotti G, Chiorino A and Marchese L 1990 Surface Science233 141 [38] Reddy A J, Kokila M K, Nagabhushana H, Chakradhar R P S, Shivakumara C, Rao J L and Nagabhushana B M 2011 J. Alloys Compd.509 5349 [39] Kurmude D V., Kale C M, Aghav P S, Shengule D R and Jadhav K M 2014 Journal of Superconductivity and Novel Magnetism27 1889 [40] Kambale R C, Song K M, Koo Y S and Hur N 2011 J. Appl. Phys.110 053910 [41] Gabal M A, El-Shishtawy R M and Al Angari Y M 2012 J. Magn. Magn. Mater.324 2258 [42] Rhaman M M, Matin M A, Hossain M N, Khan M N I, Hakim M A and Islam M F 2020 Journal of Physics and Chemistry of Solids147 109607 [43] Sarkar K, Mukherjee S and Mukherjee S 2015 Processing and Application of Ceramics9 53 [44] Yang C, Han Y, Qian J, Lv P, Lin X, Huang S and Cheng Z 2019 ACS Applied Materials and Interfaces11 12647 [45] Yang C, Qian J, Lv P, Wu H, Lin X, Wang K, Ouyang J, Huang S, Cheng X and Cheng Z 2020 Journal of Materiomics6 200
Raman phonons in multiferroic FeVO4 crystals Zhang An-Min (张安民), Liu Kai (刘凯), Ji Jian-Ting (籍建葶), He Chang-Zhen (何长振), Tian Yong (田勇), Jin Feng (金峰), Zhang Qing-Ming (张清明). Chin. Phys. B, 2015, 24(12): 126301.
[11]
Al-doping-induced magnetocapacitance in the multiferroic AgCrS2 Liu Rong-Deng (刘荣灯), He Lun-Hua (何伦华), Yan Li-Qin (闫丽琴), Wang Zhi-Cui (王志翠), Sun Yang (孙阳), Liu Yun-Tao (刘蕴韬), Chen Dong-Feng (陈东风), Zhang Sen (张森), Zhao Yong-Gang (赵永刚), Wang Fang-Wei (王芳卫). Chin. Phys. B, 2015, 24(12): 127507.
Altmetric calculates a score based on the online attention an article receives. Each coloured thread in the circle represents a different type of online attention. The number in the centre is the Altmetric score. Social media and mainstream news media are the main sources that calculate the score. Reference managers such as Mendeley are also tracked but do not contribute to the score. Older articles often score higher because they have had more time to get noticed. To account for this, Altmetric has included the context data for other articles of a similar age.
