Characteristics of urea under high pressure and high temperature

doi:10.1088/1674-1056/ab3445

Abstract

The properties of urea under high pressure and high temperature (HPHT) are studied using a China-type large volume cubic high-presentation apparatus (CHPA) (SPD-6×600). The samples are characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), x-ray diffraction (XRD), and Raman spectroscopy. By directly observing the macroscopic morphology of urea with SEM, it is confirmed that the melting point of urea rises with the increase of pressure. The XRD patterns of urea residues derived under different pressures show that the thermal stability of urea also increases with the increase of pressure. The XRD pattern of the urea residue confirms the presence of C₃H₅N₅O (ammeline) in the residue. A new peak emerges at 21.80°, which is different from any peak of all urea pyrolysis products under normal pressure. A more pronounced peak appears at 708 cm^-1 in the Raman spectrum, which is produced by C-H off-plane bending. It is determined that the urea will produce a new substance with a C-H bond under HPHT, and the assessment of this substance requires further experiments.

Keywords: high pressure and high temperature (HPHT) urea thermal stability melting point

Received: 29 January 2019
Revised: 27 May 2019
Accepted manuscript online:

PACS:	81.05.ug	(Diamond)
	07.35.+k	(High-pressure apparatus; shock tubes; diamond anvil cells)
	81.10.Aj	(Theory and models of crystal growth; physics and chemistry of crystal growth, crystal morphology, and orientation)

Fund:

Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 51772120, 11604246, 51872112, and 11804305) and the Project of Jilin Science and Technology Development Plan, China (Grant No. 20180201079GX).

Corresponding Authors: Hong-An Ma, Xiao-Peng Jia
E-mail: maha@jlu.edu.cn;jiaxp@jlu.edu.cn

Cite this article:

Shuai Fang(房帅), Hong-An Ma(马红安), Long-Suo Guo(郭龙锁), Liang-Chao Chen(陈良超), Yao Wang(王遥), Lu-Yao Ding(丁路遥), Zheng-Hao Cai(蔡正浩), Jian Wang(王健), Xiao-Peng Jia(贾晓鹏) Characteristics of urea under high pressure and high temperature 2019 Chin. Phys. B 28 098101

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Characteristics of urea under high pressure and high temperature

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