| TOPICAL REVIEW — Two-dimensional superconductivity |
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From stacking to function: Emergent states and quantum devices in 2D superconductor heterostructures |
| Sichun Zhao(赵思莼)1,†, Junlin Xiong(熊俊林)1,†, Ji Zhou(周吉)1, Shi-Jun Liang(梁世军)1,2, Bin Cheng(程斌)1,2,3,‡, and Feng Miao(缪峰)1,2,§ |
1 Institute of Brain-Inspired Intelligence, National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, School of Physics, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China;
2 Jiangsu Physical Science Research Center, Nanjing 210093, China;
3 Institute of Interdisciplinary Physical Sciences, School of Science, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China |
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Abstract Two-dimensional (2D) superconductors provide a powerful building block for engineering emergent quantum states shaped by reduced dimensionality, enhanced quantum fluctuations, and interfacial symmetry breaking. In van der Waals (vdW) heterostructures, atomically sharp and lattice-mismatch-free interfaces enable superconductivity to be deliberately coupled with magnetism, spin-orbit interaction, and band topology, allowing collective electronic orders to be combined and reconfigured in ways unattainable in bulk materials. This review summarizes recent advances in vdW heterostructures of 2D superconductors, focusing on superconductor/magnet (S/M), superconductor/topological material (S/T), and superconductor/superconductor (S/S) junctions. We discuss the microscopic mechanisms underlying proximity effects and highlight how interfacial exchange fields, spin-orbit coupling, and twist-controlled tunneling give rise to unconventional pairing, long-range spin-triplet supercurrents, nonreciprocal Josephson transport, and topological superconductivity potentially hosting Majorana bound states. Beyond their fundamental significance, the ability to controllably generate topological and nonreciprocal superconducting states positions 2D superconductor heterostructures as promising building blocks for emerging quantum technologies, including ultra-sensitive quantum sensing, programmable superconducting logic, and energy-efficient quantum and neuromorphic computing architectures. Looking forward, advances in materials synthesis, interface engineering, and device integration are expected to further expand the scope and functionality of 2D superconductor heterostructures, reinforcing their role as a central platform for exploring and controlling emergent quantum phases.
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Received: 29 December 2025
Revised: 13 February 2026
Accepted manuscript online: 03 March 2026
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PACS:
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74.78.-w
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(Superconducting films and low-dimensional structures)
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74.20.Rp
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(Pairing symmetries (other than s-wave))
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74.25.F-
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(Transport properties)
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73.20.-r
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(Electron states at surfaces and interfaces)
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| Fund: This work was supported in part by the National Key R&D Program of China (Grant Nos. 2025YFA1411003, 2023YFF0718400, and 2023YFF1203600), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 12322407 and 62034004), the Leading-edge Technology Program of Jiangsu Natural Science Foundation (Grant Nos. BK20232004 and BK20233001), the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (Grant Nos. 14380227, 14380240, 14380247, 14380250, and 14380242), and the Innovation Program for Quantum Science and Technology (Grant No. 2024ZD0300101). |
Corresponding Authors:
Bin Cheng, Feng Miao
E-mail: bincheng@nju.edu.cn;miao@nju.edu.cn
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Cite this article:
Sichun Zhao(赵思莼), Junlin Xiong(熊俊林), Ji Zhou(周吉), Shi-Jun Liang(梁世军), Bin Cheng(程斌), and Feng Miao(缪峰) From stacking to function: Emergent states and quantum devices in 2D superconductor heterostructures 2026 Chin. Phys. B 35 067402
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