Efficient fault-tolerant circuit for preparing quantum uniform superposition states via quantum measurement

doi:10.1088/1674-1056/addcc2

Abstract Preparing quantum superposition states is a crucial step in realizing quantum algorithms, which demands substantial resources. In this paper, we propose a new method for preparing quantum uniform superposition states via quantum measurement, and design the bitwise implementation circuit, which only contains Hadamard, CNOT, and π/8 phase gates. Compared to the Shukla-Vedula method, the number of quantum gates required by both methods scales the same, while, the new method offers stronger fault tolerance, and the ancillary qubits employed during the implementation process can be reused, making it more suitable for implementation on real quantum computers. As an application, we provide the circuit for Shor’s discrete logarithm quantum algorithm, based on the new method, demonstrating its technical advantage for implementation of quantum algorithms.

Keywords: quantum superposition state quantum measurement quantum computing algorithm quantum circuit

Received: 10 April 2025
Revised: 22 May 2025
Accepted manuscript online: 23 May 2025

PACS:	03.67.Lx	(Quantum computation architectures and implementations)
	03.65.Sq	(Semiclassical theories and applications)
	03.65.Ta	(Foundations of quantum mechanics; measurement theory)
	03.67.-a	(Quantum information)

Fund: Project supported by National Key Research and Development Program of China (Grant No. 2020YFA0309702), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 61502526), NSAF (Grant No. U2130205), and the Natural Science Foundation of Henan Province, China (Grant Nos. 202300410532 and 252300421818).

Corresponding Authors: Tan Li, Wan-Su Bao
E-mail: litanzh@sina.com;bws@qiclab.cn

Cite this article:

Xiang-Qun Fu(付向群), Tian-Ci Tian(田天赐), Hong-Wei Li(李宏伟), Jian-Hong Shi(史建红), Xiao-Liang Yang(杨晓亮), Tan Li(李坦), and Wan-Su Bao(鲍皖苏) Efficient fault-tolerant circuit for preparing quantum uniform superposition states via quantum measurement 2025 Chin. Phys. B 34 120303

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Efficient fault-tolerant circuit for preparing quantum uniform superposition states via quantum measurement

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