Attosecond ionization time delays in strong-field physics

doi:10.1088/1674-1056/ad0e5d

Abstract Electronic processes within atoms and molecules reside on the timescale of attoseconds. Recent advances in the laser-based pump-probe interrogation techniques have made possible the temporal resolution of ultrafast electronic processes on the attosecond timescale, including photoionization and tunneling ionization. These interrogation techniques include the attosecond streak camera, the reconstruction of attosecond beating by interference of two-photon transitions, and the attoclock. While the former two are usually employed to study photoionization processes, the latter is typically used to investigate tunneling ionization. In this review, we briefly overview these timing techniques towards an attosecond temporal resolution of ionization processes in atoms and molecules under intense laser fields. In particular, we review the backpropagation method, which is a novel hybrid quantum-classical approach towards the full characterization of tunneling ionization dynamics. Continued advances in the interrogation techniques promise to pave the pathway towards the exploration of ever faster dynamical processes on an ever shorter timescale.

Keywords: strong-field ionization attosecond time delay photoionization time delay tunneling time delay attosecond streak camera reconstruction of attosecond beating by interference of two-photon transitions (RABBITT) attoclock backpropagation

Received: 12 October 2023
Revised: 17 November 2023
Accepted manuscript online: 21 November 2023

PACS:	32.80.Fb	(Photoionization of atoms and ions)
	42.65.Re	(Ultrafast processes; optical pulse generation and pulse compression)
	32.80.Rm	(Multiphoton ionization and excitation to highly excited states)

Fund: We would like to thank Mingyu Zhu for careful proofreading. Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 92150105, 11834004, 12227807, and 12241407) and the Science and Technology Commission of Shanghai Municipality (Grant No. 21ZR1420100).

Corresponding Authors: Hongcheng Ni, Jian Wu
E-mail: hcni@lps.ecnu.edu.cn;jwu@phy.ecnu.edu.cn

Cite this article:

Yongzhe Ma(马永哲), Hongcheng Ni(倪宏程), and Jian Wu(吴健) Attosecond ionization time delays in strong-field physics 2024 Chin. Phys. B 33 013201

[1] Zewail A H 2000 J. Phys. Chem. A 104 5660
[2] Krausz F and Ivanov M 2009 Rev. Mod. Phys. 81 163
[3] Li H, Gong X, Ni H, Lu P, Luo X, Wen J, Yang Y, Qian X, Sun Z and Wu J 2022 J. Phys. Chem. Lett. 13 5881
[4] Strickland D and Mourou G 1985 Opt. Commun. 56 219
[5] Agostini P, Fabre F, Mainfray G, Petite G and Rahman N K 1979 Phys. Rev. Lett. 42 1127
[6] Kruit P, Kimman J, Muller H G and van der Wiel M J 1983 Phys. Rev. A 28 248
[7] Eberly J H, Javanainen J and Rzazewski K 1991 Phys. Rep. 204 331
[8] Becker W, Grasbon F, Kopold R, Milosevic D B, Paulus G G and Walther H 2002 Adv. At. Mol. Opt. Phys. 48 35
[9] Keldysh L V 1965 Sov. Phys. JETP 20 1307
[10] Chin S L, Yergeau F and Lavigne P 1985 J. Phys. B 18 L213
[11] Popov V S 2004 Phys. Usp. 47 855
[12] Popruzhenko S V 2014 J. Phys. B 47 204001
[13] Amini K, Biegert J, Calegari F, et al. 2019 Rep. Prog. Phys. 82 116001
[14] L'Huillier A, Lompre L A, Mainfray G and Manus C 1982 Phys. Rev. Lett. 48 1814
[15] Fittinghoff D N, Bolton P R, Chang B and Kulander K C 1992 Phys. Rev. Lett. 69 2642
[16] Walker B, Sheehy B, DiMauro L F, Agostini P, Schafer K J and Kulander K C 1994 Phys. Rev. Lett. 73 1227
[17] Krause J L, Schafer K J and Kulander K C 1992 Phys. Rev. Lett. 68 3535
[18] Macklin J J, Kmetec J D and Gordon C L 1993 Phys. Rev. Lett. 70 766
[19] Popmintchev T, Chen M C, Arpin P, Murnane M M and Kapteyn H C 2010 Nat. Photonics 4 822
[20] Hentschel M, Kienberger R, Spielmann C, Reider G A, Milosevic N, Brabec T, Corkum P, Heinzmann U, Drescher M and Krausz F 2001 Nature 414 509
[21] Itatani J, Queré F, Yudin G L, Ivanov M Y, Krausz F and Corkum P B 2002 Phys. Rev. Lett. 88 173903
[22] Pazourek R, Nagele S and Burgdörfer J 2015 Rev. Mod. Phys. 87 765
[23] Paul P M, Toma E S, Breger P, Mullot G, Augé F, Balcou P, Muller H G and Agostini P 2001 Science 292 1689
[24] Dahlström J M, L'Huillier A and Maquet A 2012 J. Phys. B 45 183001
[25] Dahlström J M, Guénot D, Klünder K, Gisselbrecht M, Mauritsson J, L'Huillier A, Maquet A and Taïeb R 2013 Chem. Phys. 414 53
[26] Eckle P, Smolarski M, Schlup P, Biegert J, Staudte A, Schöffler M, Muller H G, Dörner R and Keller U 2008 Nat. Phys. 4 565
[27] Göppert-Mayer M 1931 Ann. Phys. 401 273
[28] Ni H, Saalmann U and Rost J M 2018 Phys. Rev. A 97 013426
[29] Ni H, Eicke N, Ruiz C, Cai J, Oppermann F, Shvetsov-Shilovski N I and Pi L W 2018 Phys. Rev. A 98 013411
[30] Kaushal J and Smirnova O 2013 Phys. Rev. A 88 013421
[31] Boge R, Cirelli C, Landsman A S, Heuser S, Ludwig A, Maurer J, Weger M, Gallmann L and Keller U 2013 Phys. Rev. Lett. 111 103003
[32] Geng J W, Qin L, Li M, Xiong W H, Liu Y, Gong Q and Peng L Y 2014 J. Phys. B 47 204027
[33] Luo S, Li M, Xie W, Liu K, Feng Y, Du B, Zhou Y and Lu P 2021 Phys. Rev. A 99 053422
[34] Eckart S, Fehre K, Eicke N, Hartung A, Rist J, Trabert D, Strenger N, Pier A, Schmidt L P H, Jahnke T, Schöffler M S, Lein M, Kunitski M and Dörner R 2018 Phys. Rev. Lett. 121 163202
[35] Barth I and Smirnova O 2011 Phys. Rev. A 84 063415
[36] Barth I and Smirnova O 2013 Phys. Rev. A 87 013433
[37] Barth I and Lein M 2014 J. Phys. B 47 204016
[38] Liu K, Ni H, Renziehausen K, Rost J M and Barth I 2018 Phys. Rev. Lett. 121 203201
[39] Geng J W, Xiong W H, Xiao X R, Peng L Y and Gong Q 2015 Phys. Rev. Lett. 115 193001
[40] Landsman A S and Keller U 2015 Phys. Rep. 547 1
[41] Hofmann C, Landsman A S and Keller U 2019 J. Mod. Opt. 66 1052
[42] Kheifets A S 2020 J. Phys. B 53 072001
[43] Hofmann C, Bray A, Koch W, Ni H and Shvetsov-Shilovski N I 2021 Eur. Phys. J. D 75 208
[44] Xiao Z, Quan W, Xu S, Yu S, Wang Y, Zhao M, Wei M, Zhou Y, Lai X, Chen J and Liu X 2020 Chin. Opt. Lett. 18 010201
[45] Guo L, Zhao M, Quan W, Liu X J and Chen J 2023 Optica 10 1316
[46] Cavalieri A L, Müller N, Uphues T, Yakovlev V S, Baltuška A, Horvath B, Schmidt B, Blümel L, Holzwarth R, Hendel S, Drescher M, Kleineberg U, Echenique P M, Kienberger R, Krausz F and Heinzmann U 2007 Nature 449 1029
[47] Schultze M, Fieş M, Karpowicz N, Gagnon J, Korbman M, Hofstetter M, Neppl S, Cavalieri A L, Komninos Y, Mercouris T, Nicolaides C A, Pazourek R, Nagele S, Feist J, Burgdörfer J, Azzeer A M, Ernstorfer R, Kienberger R, Kleineberg U, Goulielmakis E, Krausz F and Yakovlev V S 2010 Science 328 1658
[48] Klünder K, Dahlström J M, Gisselbrecht M, Fordell T, Swoboda M, Guénot D, Johnsson P, Caillat J, Mauritsson J, Maquet A, Taïeb R and L'Huillier A 2011 Phys. Rev. Lett. 106 143002
[49] Nisoli M, Decleva P, Calegari F, Palacios A and Martin F 2017 Chem. Rev. 117 10760
[50] Siek F, Neb S, Bartz P, et al. 2017 Science 357 1274
[51] Ossiander M, Riemensberger J, Neppl S, et al. 2018 Nature 561 374
[52] Jordan I, Huppert M, Rattenbacher D, Peper M, Jelovina D, Perry C, von Conta A, Schild A and Wörner H J 2020 Science 369 974
[53] Gong X, Heck S, Jelovina D, Perry C, Zinchenko K, Lucchese R and Wörner H J 2022 Nature 609 507
[54] Gong X, Jordan I, Huppert M, Heck S, Baykushva D, Jelovina D, Schild A and Wörner H J 2022 Chimia 76 520
[55] Kheifets A S and Ivanov I A 2010 Phys. Rev. Lett. 105 233002
[56] Kheifets A S 2013 Phys. Rev. A 87 063404
[57] Zhang C H and Thumm U 2010 Phys. Rev. A 82 043405
[58] Zhang C H and Thumm U 2011 Phys. Rev. A 84 033401
[59] Nagele S, Pazourek R, Feist J, Doblhoff-Dier K, Lemell C, Tokési K and Burgdörfer J 2011 J. Phys. B 44 081001
[60] Pazourek R, Feist J, Nagele S and Burgdörfer J 2012 Phys. Rev. Lett. 108 163001
[61] Nagele S, Pazourek R, Feist J and Burgdörfer J 2012 Phys. Rev. A 85 033401
[62] Pazourek R, Nagele S and Burgdörfer J 2013 Faraday Discuss. 163 353
[63] Feist J, Zatsarinny O, Nagele S, Pazourek R, Burgdörfer J, Guan X, Bartschat K and Schneider B I 2014 Phys. Rev. A 89 033417
[64] Pazourek R, Nagele S and Burgdörfer J 2015 J. Phys. B 48 061002
[65] Su J, Ni H, Becker A and Jaroń-Becker A 2013 Phys. Rev. A 87 033420
[66] Su J, Ni H, Becker A and Jaroń-Becker A 2013 J. Mod. Opt. 60 1484
[67] Su J, Ni H, Becker A and Jaroń-Becker A 2013 Phys. Rev. A 88 023413
[68] Su J, Ni H, Becker A and Jaroń-Becker A 2014 Phys. Rev. A 89 013404
[69] Su J, Ni H, Becker A and Jaroń-Becker A 2014 Chin. J. Phys. 52 404
[70] Su J, Ni H, Jaroń-Becker A and Becker A 2014 Phys. Rev. Lett. 113 263002
[71] Isinger M, Squibb R J, Busto D, et al. 2017 Science 358 893
[72] Ossiander M, Siegrist F, Shirvanyan V, Pazourek R, Sommer A, Latka T, Guggenmos A, Nagele S, Feist J, Burgdörfer J, Kienberger R and Schultze M 2017 Nat. Phys. 13 280
[73] Eisenbud L 1948 Formal properties of nuclear collisions (Ph.D. thesis) (Princeton:Princeton University)
[74] Wigner E P 1955 Phys. Rev. 98 145
[75] Smith F T 1960 Phys. Rev. 118 349
[76] Fuchs J, Douguet N, Donsa S, Martin F, Burgdörfer J, Argenti L, Cattaneo L and Keller U 2020 Optica 7 154
[77] Ishikawa K L and Kiyoshi U 2012 Phys. Rev. Lett. 108 033003
[78] Gong X, Lin C, He F, Song Q, Lin K, Ji Q, Zhang W, Ma J, Lu P, Liu Y, Zeng H, Yang W and Wu J 2017 Phys. Rev. Lett. 118 143203
[79] Heuser S, Jiménez-Galán A, Cirelli C, et al. 2016 Phys. Rev. A 94 063409
[80] Donsa S, Ederer M, Pazourek R, Burgdörfer J and Brezinova I 2020 Phys. Rev. A 102 033112
[81] Ivanov I A and Kheifets A S 2017 Phys. Rev. A 96 013408
[82] Busto D, Vinbladh J, Zhong S, Isinger M, Nandi S, Maclot S, Johnsson P, Gisselbrecht M, L'Huillier A, Lindroth E and Dahlström J M 2019 Phys. Rev. Lett. 123 133201
[83] Cirelli C, Marante C, Heuser S, et al. 2018 Nat. Commun. 9 955
[84] Jiang W, Armstrong G S J, Tong J, et al. 2022 Nat. Commun. 13 5072
[85] Ji Q, Pan S, He P, Wang J, Lu P, Li H, Gong X, Lin K, Zhang W, Ma J, Li H, Duan C, Liu P, Bai Y, Li R, He F and Wu J 2019 Phys. Rev. Lett. 123 233202
[86] Pan S, Zhang W, Li H, Lu C, Zhang W, Ji Q, Li H, Sun F, Qiang J, Chen F, Tong J, Zhou L, Jiang W, Gong X, Lu P and Wu J 2021 Phys. Rev. Lett. 126 063201
[87] Donsa S, Douguet N, Burgdörfer J, Brezinova I and Argenti L 2019 Phys. Rev. Lett. 123 133203
[88] Autuori A, Platzer D, Lejman M, Gallician G, Maeder L, Covolo A, Bosse L, Dalui M, Bresteau D, Hergott J F, Tcherbakoff O, Marroux H J B, Loriot V, Lepine F, Poisson L, Taieb R, Caillat J and Salieres P 2022 Sci. Adv. 8 abl7594
[89] Peschel J, Busto D, Plach M, et al. 2022 Nat. Commun. 13 5205
[90] Huppert M, Jordan I, Baykusheva D, von Conta A and Wörner H J 2016 Phys. Rev. Lett. 117 093001
[91] Biswas S, Forg B, Ortmann L, et al. 2020 Nat. Phys. 16 778
[92] Nandi S, Plesiat E, Zhong S, et al. 2020 Sci. Adv. 6 eaba7762
[93] Dörner R, Mergel V, Jagutzki O, Spielberger L, Ullrich J, Moshammer R and Schmidt-Böcking H 2000 Phys. Rep. 330 95
[94] Ullrich J, Moshammer R, Dorn A, Dörner R, Schmidt L P H and Schmidt-Böcking H 2003 Rep. Prog. Phys. 66 1463
[95] Vos J, Cattaneo L, Patchkovskii S, Zimmermann T, Cirelli C, Lucchini M, Kheifets A, Landsman A S and Keller U 2018 Science 360 1326
[96] Rist J, Klyssek K, Novikovskiy N M, et al. 2021 Nat. Commun. 12 6657
[97] Heck S, Baykusheva D, Han M, Ji J B, Perry C, Gong X and Wörner H J 2021 Sci. Adv. 7 eabj8121
[98] Holzmeier F, Joseph J, Houver J C, Lebech M, Dowek D and Lucchese R R 2021 Nat. Commun. 12 7343
[99] Gong X, Jiang W, Tong J, Qiang J, Lu P, Ni H, Lucchese R, Ueda K and Wu J 2022 Phys. Rev. X 12 011002
[100] Ahmadi H, Plesiat E, Moioli M, Frassetto F, Poletto L, Decleva P, Schröter C D, Pfeifer T, Moshammer R, Palacios A, Martin F and Sansone G 2022 Nat. Commun. 13 1242
[101] Ning Q C, Peng L Y, Song S N, Jiang W C, Nagele S, Pazourek R, Burgdörfer J and Gong Q 2014 Phys. Rev. A 90 013423
[102] Liao Y, Zhou Y, Pi L W, Ke Q, Liang J, Zhao Y, Li M and Lu P 2021 Phys. Rev. A 104 013110
[103] Heck S, Han M, Jelovina D, Ji J B, Perry C, Gong X, Lucchese R, Ueda K and Wörner H J 2022 Phys. Rev. Lett. 129 133002
[104] Wang A L, Serov V V, Kamalov A, Bucksbaum P H, Kheifets A S and Cryan J P 2021 Phys. Rev. A 104 063119
[105] Cattaneo L, Pedrelli L, Bello R Y, Palacios A, Keathley P D, Martin F and Keller U 2022 Phys. Rev. Lett. 128 063001
[106] Kheifets A S 2023 J. Phys. B 56 022001
[107] Gruson V, Barreau L, Jiménez-Galan Á, Risoud F, Caillat J, Maquet A, Carré B, Lepetit F, Hergott J F, Ruchon T, Argenti L, Taïeb R, Martín F and Saliéres P 2016 Science 354 734
[108] Kaldun A, Blättermann A, Stooş V, Donsa S, Wei H, Pazourek R, Nagele S, Ott C, Lin C D, Burgdörfer J and Pfeifer T 2016 Science 354 738
[109] Beaulieu S, Comby A, Clergerie A, et al. 2017 Science 358 1288
[110] Hutten K, Mittermair M, Stock S O, et al. 2018 Nat. Commun. 9 719
[111] Li S Q, Driver T, Rosenberger P, et al. 2022 Science 375 285
[112] Nandi S, Olofsson E, Bertolino M, et al. 2022 Nature 608 488
[113] Magrakvelidze M, Madjet M E A, Dixit G, Ivanov M and Chakraborty H S 2015 Phys. Rev. A 91 063415
[114] Dixit G, Chakraborty H S and Madjet M E A 2013 Phys. Rev. Lett. 111 203003
[115] MacColl L A 1932 Phys. Rev. 40 621
[116] Landauer R and Martin T 1994 Rev. Mod. Phys. 66 217
[117] Orlando G, McDonald C R, Protik N H, Vampa G and Brabec T 2014 J. Phys. B 47 204002
[118] Eckle P, Pfeiffer A N, Cirelli C, Staudte A, Dörner R, Muller H G, Buttiker M and Keller U 2008 Science 322 1525
[119] Pfeiffer A N, Cirelli C, Smolarski M, Dimitrovski D, Abu-samha M, Madsen L B and Keller U 2012 Nat. Phys. 8 76
[120] Torlina L, Morales F, Kaushal J, Ivanov I, Kheifets A, Zielinski A, Scrinzi A, Muller H G, Sukiasyan S, Ivanov M and Smirnova O 2015 Nat. Phys. 11 503
[121] Ni H, Saalmann U and Rost J M 2016 Phys. Rev. Lett. 117 023002
[122] Eicke N and Lein M 2018 Phys. Rev. A 97 031402
[123] Klaiber M, Hatsagortsyan K Z and Keitel C H 2018 Phys. Rev. Lett. 120 013201
[124] Bray A W, Eckart S and Kheifets A S 2018 Phys. Rev. Lett. 121 123201
[125] Quan W, Serov V V, Wei M, Zhao M, Zhou Y, Wang Y, Lai X, Kheifets A S and Liu X 2019 Phys. Rev. Lett. 123 223204
[126] Sainadh U S, Xu H, Wang X, Atia-Tul-Noor A, Wallace W C, Douguet N, Bray A, Ivanov I, Bartschat K, Kheifets A, Sang R T and Litvinyuk I V 2019 Nature 568 75
[127] Yu M, Liu K, Li M, Yan J, Cao C, Tan J, Liang J, Guo K, Cao W, Lan P, Zhang Q B, Zhou Y M and Lu P X 2022 Light Sci. Appl. 11 215
[128] Landsman A S, Weger M, Maurer J, Boge R, Ludwig A, Heuser S, Cirelli C, Gallmann L and Keller U 2014 Optica 1 343
[129] Zimmermann T, Mishra S, Doran B R, Gordon D F and Landsman A S Phys. Rev. Lett. 116 233603
[130] Teeny N, Yakaboylu E, Bauke H and Keitel C H 2016 Phys. Rev. Lett. 116 063003
[131] Camus N, Yakaboylu E, Fechner L, Klaiber M, Laux M, Mi Y, Hatsagortsyan K Z, Pfeifer T, Keitel C H and Moshammer R 2017 Phys. Rev. Lett. 119 023201
[132] Douguet N and Bartschat K 2018 Phys. Rev. A 97 013402
[133] Yuan M 2019 Opt. Express 27 6502
[134] Ramos R, Spierings D, Racicot I and Steinberg A M 2020 Nature 583 529
[135] Xiao X R, Wang M X, Li M, Geng J W, Liu Y Q and Peng L Y 2016 Acta Phys. Sin. 65 220203 (in Chinese)
[136] Frolov M V, Manakov N L, Minina A A, Popruzhenko S V and Starace A F 2017 Phys. Rev. A 96 023406
[137] Ni H, Brennecke S, Gao X, He P L, Donsa S, Březinová I, He F, Wu J, Lein M, Tong X M and Burgdörfer J 2020 Phys. Rev. Lett. 125 073202
[138] Ma Y, Zhou J, Lu P, Ni H and Wu J 2021 J. Phys. B 54 144001
[139] Mao X, Ni H, Gong X, Burgdörfer J and Wu J 2022 Phys. Rev. A 106 063105
[140] Ammosov M V, Delone N B and Krainov V P 1986 Sov. Phys. JETP 64 1191
[141] Delone N B and Krainov V P 1998 Phys. Usp. 41 469
[142] Ivanov M Y, Spanner M and Smirnova O 2005 J. Mod. Opt. 52 165
[143] Nayak A, Dumergue M, Kühn S, et al. 2019 Phys. Rep. 833 1
[144] Jašarević A, Hasović E, Kopold R, Becker W and Milošević D B 2020 J. Phys. A 53 125201
[145] Gribakin G F and Kuchiev M Y 1997 Phys. Rev. A 55 3760
[146] Kjeldsen T K and Madsen L B 2006 Phys. Rev. A 74 023407
[147] Milošević D B, Paulus G G, Bauer D and Becker W 2006 J. Phys. B 39 R203
[148] Trabert D, Anders N, Brennecke S, Schöffler M S, Jahnke T, Schmidt L P H, Kunitski M, Lein M, Dörner R and Eckart S 2021 Phys. Rev. Lett. 127 273201
[149] Li M, Geng J, Liu H, Deng Y, Wu C, Peng L, Gong Q and Liu Y 2014 Phys. Rev. Lett. 112 113002
[150] Shvetsov-Shilovski N I, Lein M, Madsen L B, Räsänen E, Lemell C, Burgdörfer J, Arbó D G and Tőkési K 2016 Phys. Rev. A 94 013415
[151] Klaiber M, Lv Q Z, Sukiasyan S, Bakucz C D, Hatsagortsyan K Z and Keitel C H 2022 Phys. Rev. Lett. 129 203201
[152] Wang J P and He F 2017 Phys. Rev. A 95 043420
[153] Zhang Q, Basnayake G, Winney A, Lin Y F, Debrah D, Lee S K and Li W 2017 Phys. Rev. A 96 023422
[154] Kim Y H, Ivanov I A and Kim K T 2021 Phys. Rev. A 104 013116
[155] Feuerstein B and Thumm U 2003 J. Phys. B 36 707
[156] Wang X, Tian J and Eberly J H 2013 Phys. Rev. Lett. 110 243001
[157] Wang X, Tian J and Eberly J H 2018 J. Phys. B 51 084002
[158] Xu R H and Wang X 2021 AIP Adv. 11 025124
[159] Jin S and Li X 2003 Physica D 182 46
[160] Klaiber M, Bakucz C D and Hatsagortsyan K Z 2023 Phys. Rev. A 107 053103
[161] Han M, Ge P, Fang Y, Yu X, Guo Z, Ma X, Deng Y, Gong Q and Liu Y 2019 Phys. Rev. Lett. 123 073201
[162] Han M, Ge P, Wang J, Guo Z, Fang Y, Ma X, Yu X, Deng Y, Wörner H J, Gong Q and Liu Y 2021 Nat. Photonics 15 765
[163] Eicke N and Lein M 2019 Phys. Rev. A 99 031402
[164] Eicke N and Lein M 2020 Phys. Rev. Lett. 124 043202
[165] Serov V V, Bray A W and Kheifets A S 2019 Phys. Rev. A 99 063428
[166] Tong J, Liu X, Dong W, Jiang W, Zhu M, Xu Y, Zuo Z, Lu P, Gong X, Song X, Yang W and Wu J 2022 Phys. Rev. Lett. 129 173201
[167] Guo Z, Fang Y, Ge P, Yu X, Wang J, Han M, Gong Q and Liu Y 2021 Phys. Rev. A 104 L051101
[168] Trabert D, Brennecke S, Fehre K, et al. 2021 Nat. Commun. 12 1697
[169] Bakucz Canário D, Klaiber M, Hatsagortsyan K Z and Keitel C H 2021 Phys. Rev. A 104 033103
[170] Zhou L, Ni H, Jiang Z, Qiang J, Jiang W, Zhang W, Lu P, Wen J, Lin K, Zhu M, Dörner R and Wu J 2023 Nat. Chem. 15 1229
[171] Mi Y, Wang E, Dube Z, Wang T, Naumov A Y, Villeneuve D M, Corkum P B and Staudte A 2023 Nat. Chem. 15 1224
[172] Ciappina M F, Pérez-Hernández J A, Landsman A S, et al. 2017 Rep. Prog. Phys. 80 054401
[173] Seiffert L, Zherebtsov S, Kling M F and Fennel T 2021 Nat. Phys. 17 1104
[175] Lewenstein M, Baldelli N, Bhattacharya U, et al. 2022 arXiv:2208.14769
[176] Gorlach A, Neufeld O, Rivera N, Cohen O and Kaminer I 2020 Nat. Commun. 11 4598
[177] Gorlach A, Tzur M E, Birk M, Krüger M, Rivera N, Cohen O and Kaminer I 2023 Nat. Phys. 19 1689
[178] Tzur M E, Birk M, Gorlach A, Krüger M, Kaminer I and Cohen O 2023 Nat. Photonics 17 501
[179] Fang Y, Sun F X, He Q and Liu Y 2023 Phys. Rev. Lett. 130 253201

[1]	Generating attosecond pulses with controllable polarization from cyclic H₃²⁺ molecules by bichromatic circular fields Si-Qi Zhang(张思琪), Bing Zhang(张冰), Bo Yan(闫博), Xiang-Qian Jiang(姜向前), and Xiu-Dong Sun(孙秀冬). Chin. Phys. B, 2024, 33(2): 023301.
[2]	Electron vortices generation of photoelectron of H₂⁺ by counter-rotating circularly polarized attosecond pulses Haojing Yang(杨浩婧), Xiaoyu Liu(刘晓煜), Fengzheng Zhu(朱风筝), Liguang Jiao(焦利光), and Aihua Liu(刘爱华). Chin. Phys. B, 2024, 33(1): 013303.
[3]	Critical dispersion of chirped fiber Bragg grating for eliminating time delay signature of distributed feedback laser chaos Da-Ming Wang(王大铭), Yi-Hang Lei(雷一航), Peng-Fei Shi(史鹏飞), and Zhuang-Ai Li(李壮爱). Chin. Phys. B, 2023, 32(9): 090505.
[4]	Elliptically polarized high-order harmonic generation in nitrogen molecules with cross-linearly polarized two-color laser fields Chunyang Zhai(翟春洋), Yinmeng Wu(吴银梦), Lingling Qin(秦玲玲), Xiang Li(李翔), Luke Shi(史璐珂), Ke Zhang(张可), Shuaijie Kang(康帅杰), Zhengfa Li(李整法), Yingbin Li(李盈傧), Qingbin Tang(汤清彬), and Benhai Yu(余本海). Chin. Phys. B, 2023, 32(7): 073301.
[5]	An improved ISR-WV rumor propagation model based on multichannels with time delay and pulse vaccination Yafang Dong(董雅芳), Liangán Huo(霍良安), Xiaoxiao Xie(谢笑笑), and Ming Li(李明). Chin. Phys. B, 2023, 32(7): 070205.
[6]	Synchronization of stochastic complex networks with time-delayed coupling Duolan(朵兰), Linying Xiang(项林英), and Guanrong Chen(陈关荣). Chin. Phys. B, 2023, 32(6): 060502.
[7]	Generation of quasi-chirp-free isolated attosecond pulses from atoms under the action of orthogonal two-color combined pulse of fundamental frequency and higher intensity second harmonic fields Rui-Xian Yu(蔚瑞贤), Yue Qiao(乔月), Ping Li(李萍), Jun Wang(王俊), Ji-Gen Chen(陈基根), Wei Feng(冯伟), Fu-Ming Guo(郭福明), and Yu-Jun Yang(杨玉军). Chin. Phys. B, 2023, 32(6): 063302.
[8]	Hopf bifurcation and phase synchronization in memristor-coupled Hindmarsh-Rose and FitzHugh-Nagumo neurons with two time delays Zhan-Hong Guo(郭展宏), Zhi-Jun Li(李志军), Meng-Jiao Wang(王梦蛟), and Ming-Lin Ma(马铭磷). Chin. Phys. B, 2023, 32(3): 038701.
[9]	Effect of autaptic delay signal on spike-timing precision of single neuron Xuan Ma(马璇), Yaya Zhao(赵鸭鸭), Yafeng Wang(王亚峰), Yueling Chen(陈月玲), and Hengtong Wang(王恒通). Chin. Phys. B, 2023, 32(3): 038703.
[10]	High-order harmonic generation of the cyclo[18]carbon molecule irradiated by circularly polarized laser pulse Shu-Shan Zhou(周书山), Yu-Jun Yang(杨玉军), Yang Yang(杨扬), Ming-Yue Suo(索明月), Dong-Yuan Li(李东垣), Yue Qiao(乔月), Hai-Ying Yuan(袁海颖), Wen-Di Lan(蓝文迪), and Mu-Hong Hu(胡木宏). Chin. Phys. B, 2023, 32(1): 013201.
[11]	Generation of elliptical isolated attosecond pulse from oriented H₂⁺ in a linearly polarized laser field Yun-He Xing(邢云鹤), Jun Zhang(张军), Xiao-Xin Huo(霍晓鑫), Qing-Yun Xu(徐清芸), and Xue-Shen Liu(刘学深). Chin. Phys. B, 2022, 31(4): 043203.
[12]	Enhancement of isolated attosecond pulse generation by using long gas medium Yueying Liang(梁玥瑛), Xinkui He(贺新奎), Kun Zhao(赵昆), Hao Teng(滕浩), and Zhiyi Wei(魏志义). Chin. Phys. B, 2022, 31(4): 043302.
[13]	Review on typical applications and computational optimizations based on semiclassical methods in strong-field physics Xun-Qin Huo(火勋琴), Wei-Feng Yang(杨玮枫), Wen-Hui Dong(董文卉), Fa-Cheng Jin(金发成), Xi-Wang Liu(刘希望), Hong-Dan Zhang(张宏丹), and Xiao-Hong Song(宋晓红). Chin. Phys. B, 2022, 31(3): 033101.
[14]	Strong-field response time and its implications on attosecond measurement Chao Chen(陈超), Jiayin Che(车佳殷), Xuejiao Xie(谢雪娇), Shang Wang(王赏), Guoguo Xin(辛国国), and Yanjun Chen(陈彦军). Chin. Phys. B, 2022, 31(3): 033201.
[15]	Inferring interactions of time-delayed dynamic networks by random state variable resetting Changbao Deng(邓长宝), Weinuo Jiang(蒋未诺), and Shihong Wang(王世红). Chin. Phys. B, 2022, 31(3): 030502.

No Suggested Reading articles found!

Viewed

Full text

Abstract

Cited

Metrics
Related Articles

Attosecond ionization time delays in strong-field physics

Cite this article:

Online attention