Variable optical chirality in atomic assisted microcavity

doi:10.1088/1674-1056/abb660

Abstract

The manipulating of optical waves in a microcavity is essential to developing the integrated optical devices. Generally, the two eigenmodes in a whispering-gallery-mode (WGM) microcavity possess chiral symmetry. Here we show the chiral symmetry breaking is induced by the asymmetric backscattering of counter-propagating optical waves in a whispering-gallery-mode (WGM) microcavity with a cavity-made slot filled with atomic vapor. Through tuning the dispersion relation of the atomic vapor in the cavity-made slot, the chiral modes are continuously steered. The mode frequency splitting in the transmission and reflection spectra stem from the chiral symmetry breaking of the two eigenmodes. The displacement sensitivity of the proposed system in response to the length variation of cavity-made slot exhibits a high sensitivity value of 15.22 THz/nm.

Keywords: microcavity optical chirality dispersion

Received: 17 May 2020
Revised: 31 August 2020
Accepted manuscript online: 09 September 2020

Fund: the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 11574021, 61975005, and 11804017) and the Fund from Beijing Academy of Quantum Information Sciences, China (Grant No. Y18G28).

Corresponding Authors: ^†Corresponding author. E-mail: zsxiao@buaa.edu.cn

Cite this article:

Hao Zhang(张浩), Wen-Xiu Li (李文秀), Peng Han(韩鹏), Xiao-Yang Chang(常晓阳), Shuo Jiang(蒋硕), An-Ping Huang(黄安平), and Zhi-Song Xiao(肖志松) Variable optical chirality in atomic assisted microcavity 2020 Chin. Phys. B 29 114207

Fig. 1.

(a) Schematic diagram of WGM microcavity coupled with (b) cavity-made slot and (c) filled with three-level atomic vapor.

Table 1.

Simulation parameters.

Fig. 2.

The slot reflection to the CCW and CW waves varying with the slot surface reflection ${R}_{{\rm{mirr}}}^{1}$ at panel (a) r = 2γ and Ω_μ = γ, panel (b) r = 2γ and Ω_μ = 2γ, panel (c) r = 0.1 γ and Ω_μ = 1γ, and panel (d) r = 0.1γ and Ω_μ = 2γ. The length of the cavity-made slot is set to be L_slot = 6cπ / ω₁₂ which is 3 wavelengths at ω₁₂.

Fig. 3.

The slot reflection to the CCW and CW waves varying with the pump rate r at panel (a) Ω_μ = γ and ${R}_{{\rm{mirr}}}^{1}=0.79$, panel (b) Ω_μ = 2γ ad ${R}_{{\rm{mirr}}}^{1}=0.94$, panel (c) Ω_μ = 1γ and ${R}_{{\rm{mirr}}}^{1}=0.95$, and panel (d) Ω_μ = 2γ and ${R}_{{\rm{mirr}}}^{1}=0.99$.

Fig. 4.

The IR values adjusted by controlling pump rate r at four optimum values of ${R}_{{\rm{mirr}}}^{1}$ obtained in Fig. 2 when the driving field Rabi frequency is Ω_μ = γ.

Fig. 5.

(a) Transmission and reflection spectra versus Δ ω for four values of pump rate r (0.1γ, 0.2γ, 0.3γ, and 0.4γ) and driving field frequency Ω_μ = 7γ. (b) Transmission and reflection spectra versus Δ ω for four values of driving field frequency Ω_μ (7γ, 8γ, 9γ, and 10γ) and r = 0.1γ. [(a) and (b)] Insets show magnified details of no shifted peaks of transmission and reflection spectra.

Fig. 6.

(a) Slot IR representing asymmetric backscattering of cavity-made slot, (b) chirality continuously tuned via steering pump rate r, (c) frequency splitting quality Q_sp versus pump rate, with shaded regions representing normal dispersion, and blank regions referring to anomalous dispersion. Some parameters used here are as follows: κ₀ = κ_ex = 1 × 10¹¹ Hz, ${R}_{{\rm{mirr}}}^{1}=0.99$, ${R}_{{\rm{mirr}}}^{2}=0.999$, radius of WGM microcavity R₀ = 30λ/(2πn₀), and refractive index n₀ = 1.5.

Fig. 7.

Curves of frequency split versus L_slot ω_p in transmission with (a) driving field frequency Ω_μ = 7γ for r = 0.1γ, 0.2γ, 0.3γ, and 0.4γ, and (b) pump rate r = 0.4γ for Ω_μ = 7γ, 8γ, 9γ, and 10γ.

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