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Sympathetic cooling of levitated optomechanics through nonreciprocal coupling |
| Jialin Li(李佳霖), Guangyu Zhang(张光宇), and Zhang-Qi Yin(尹璋琦)† |
| Center for Quantum Technology Research and Key Laboratory of Advanced Optoelectronic Quantum Architecture and Measurements (MOE), School of Physics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China |
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Abstract Optomechanical cooling of levitated nanoparticles has become an essential topic in modern quantum physics, providing a platform for exploring macroscopic quantum phenomena and high-precision sensing. However, conventional cavity-assisted cooling is fundamentally constrained by cavity dissipation and environmental noise, limiting the attainable minimum temperature. In this work, we propose a non-Hermitian optomechanical cooling scheme through nonreciprocal coupling between two levitated nanoparticles, where one particle is directly cooled by an optical cavity and the other is cooled indirectly through a non-Hermitian interaction. Both analytical solutions and numerical simulations reveal that increasing nonreciprocity enhances directional energy transfer, enabling the target particle to reach a lower phonon occupation than is achievable in conventional cavity cooling. Theoretically, the nonreciprocal coupling scheme achieves a reduction in the steady-state phonon occupation number of the target particle by approximately 80% compared to the conventional cavity cooling limit. This study demonstrates a new cooling mechanism driven by non-Hermitian interactions, offering theoretical guidance for realizing controllable energy flow and deep cooling in levitated optomechanical systems and paving the way for future developments in quantum control and sensing technologies.
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Received: 04 December 2025
Revised: 21 February 2026
Accepted manuscript online: 27 February 2026
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PACS:
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37.10.Vz
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(Mechanical effects of light on atoms, molecules, and ions)
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87.80.Cc
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(Optical trapping)
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42.50.Wk
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(Mechanical effects of light on material media, microstructures and particles)
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42.50.Ct
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(Quantum description of interaction of light and matter; related experiments)
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| Fund: This work is supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 12441502) and the Beijing Institute of Technology Research Fund Program (Grant No. 2024CX01015). |
Corresponding Authors:
Zhang-Qi Yin
E-mail: zqyin@bit.edu.cn
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Cite this article:
Jialin Li(李佳霖), Guangyu Zhang(张光宇), and Zhang-Qi Yin(尹璋琦) Sympathetic cooling of levitated optomechanics through nonreciprocal coupling 2026 Chin. Phys. B 35 053701
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