Angular momentum distribution of atomic hydrogen in excited states under ultra-short laser field

doi:10.1088/1674-1056/adfdc6

Abstract We investigate the population distribution of excited angular momentum ($l$) states in the interaction between a hydrogen atom and an ultra-short laser pulse. Through numerical solution of the time-dependent Schrödinger equation, we theoretically investigate the laser-induced oscillations among excited $l$-states. Temporal evolution analysis reveals distinctive signatures of both multiphoton excitation and frustrated tunneling ionization processes. Specifically, multiphoton excitation dominates during the final optical cycle as the laser peak intensity attenuates, thereby critically determining the final $l$-states population distribution. We demonstrate that the angular quantum states' parity effect does not persist, even for ultra-short pulses with broad frequency bandwidths. The parity effect is also unaffected by laser field asymmetry.

Keywords: ultra-short laser pulses excited angular momentum states time-dependent Schrödinger equation parity effect

Received: 10 June 2025
Revised: 10 August 2025
Accepted manuscript online: 21 August 2025

PACS:	32.80.-t	(Photoionization and excitation)
	32.80.Rm	(Multiphoton ionization and excitation to highly excited states)
	31.70.Hq	(Time-dependent phenomena: excitation and relaxation processes, and reaction rates)

Fund: Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 12374241 and 12374263).

Corresponding Authors: Zhaoyan Zhou
E-mail: cnzhzhy@nudt.edu.cn

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Zhaoyan Zhou(周兆妍)†, Dongwen Zhang(张栋文), and Zengxiu Zhao(赵增秀) Angular momentum distribution of atomic hydrogen in excited states under ultra-short laser field 2026 Chin. Phys. B 35 033201

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Angular momentum distribution of atomic hydrogen in excited states under ultra-short laser field

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