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Energy mechanism of the first-order superradiant phase transition in cavity-BEC system with double asymmetric pump beams |
| Wei Qin(覃威)1,2,†, Dong-Chen Zheng(郑东琛)1,2,†, Jia-Ying Lin(林佳颖)1,2, Yuan-Hong Chen(陈元鸿)1,2, and Renyuan Liao(廖任远)1,2,‡ |
1 College of Physics and Energy, Fujian Normal University, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Quantum Manipulation and New Energy Materials, Fuzhou 350117, China;
2 Fujian Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Solar Energy Conversion and Energy Storage, Fuzhou 350117, China |
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Abstract We consider a Bose-Einstein condensate loaded inside an optical cavity and exposed to two crossed coherent pump fields with same imbalance parameter $\gamma$. We identify different effects between pure standing wave fields ($\gamma=1$) and the pump beams combining standing wave and running wave ($\gamma\neq1$). In particular, for $\gamma=1$, the system only hosts a normal phase and a superradiant phase. In contrast, for $\gamma\neq1$, the system features three distinctive phases: the normal phase ($\mathrm{NP}$), superradiant phase 1 ($\mathrm{SR}_1$), and superradiant phase 2 ($\mathrm{SR}_2$). Importantly, the superradiance is subdivided into different types characterized by the photon phase. Furthermore, we determine perturbatively the phase boundary separating the normal phase and the superradiant phases, and find that there exists a competitive relationship of energy minimum on the overlapping region between $\mathrm{SR_1}$ and $\mathrm{SR_2}$. Interestingly, the transition between the normal phase to $\mathrm{SR_1}$ or $\mathrm{SR_2}$ is identified to be a second-order phase transition, while the transition between $\mathrm{SR_1}$ and $\mathrm{SR_2}$ is a first-order transition. When the first-order phase transition occurs, the phase of the photons changes abruptly from $0$ to $\pi/2$.
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Received: 21 March 2025
Revised: 22 May 2025
Accepted manuscript online: 30 May 2025
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PACS:
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42.50.Pq
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(Cavity quantum electrodynamics; micromasers)
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64.70.Tg
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(Quantum phase transitions)
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03.75.Nt
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(Other Bose-Einstein condensation phenomena)
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| Fund: Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 12174055 and 11674058) and the Natural Science Foundation of Fujian Province, China (Grant No. 2020J01195). |
Corresponding Authors:
Renyuan Liao
E-mail: ryliao@fjnu.edu.cn
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Cite this article:
Wei Qin(覃威), Dong-Chen Zheng(郑东琛), Jia-Ying Lin(林佳颖), Yuan-Hong Chen(陈元鸿), and Renyuan Liao(廖任远) Energy mechanism of the first-order superradiant phase transition in cavity-BEC system with double asymmetric pump beams 2025 Chin. Phys. B 34 120507
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