Topological phases and edge modes of an uneven ladder

doi:10.1088/1674-1056/ad50c0

Abstract We investigate the topological properties of a two-chain quantum ladder with uneven legs, i.e., the two chains differ in their periods by a factor of 2. Such an uneven ladder presents rich band structures classified by the closure of either direct or indirect bandgaps. It also provides opportunities to explore fundamental concepts concerning band topology and edge modes, including the difference of intracellular and intercellular Zak phases, and the role of the inversion symmetry (IS). We calculate the Zak phases of the two kinds and find excellent agreement with the dipole moment and extra charge accumulation. We also find that configurations with IS feature a pair of degenerate two-side edge modes emerging as the closure of the direct bandgap, while configurations without IS feature one-side edge modes emerging as not only the closure of both direct and indirect bandgaps but also within the band continuum. Furthermore, by projecting to the two sublattices, we find that the effective Bloch Hamiltonian corresponds to that of a generalized Su-Schrieffer-Heeger model or the Rice-Mele model whose hopping amplitudes depend on the quasimomentum. In this way, the topological phases can be efficiently extracted through winding numbers. We propose that uneven ladders can be realized by spin-dependent optical lattices and their rich topological characteristics can be examined by near future experiments.

Keywords: ladder model symmetry-protected topological phase topological invariant bulk-boundary correspondence

Received: 28 March 2024
Revised: 27 May 2024
Accepted manuscript online: 28 May 2024

PACS:	02.40.-k	(Geometry, differential geometry, and topology)
	03.65.-w	(Quantum mechanics)
	03.65.Vf	(Phases: geometric; dynamic or topological)
	37.10.Jk	(Atoms in optical lattices)

Fund: This work was supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province, China (Grant Nos. LR22A040001 and LY21A040004) and the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 12074342 and 11835011).

Corresponding Authors: Chao Gao
E-mail: gaochao@zjnu.edu.cn

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Wen-Chuang Shang(商文创), Yi-Ning Han(韩熠宁), Shimpei Endo, and Chao Gao(高超) Topological phases and edge modes of an uneven ladder 2024 Chin. Phys. B 33 080202

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Topological phases and edge modes of an uneven ladder

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