Abstract The characteristic clogging structures of granular spheres blocking three-dimensional granular flow through hopper outlet are analyzed based on packing structures reconstructed using magnetic resonance imaging techniques. Spheres in clogging structures are arranged in a way with typical features of load-bearing, such as more contacting bonds close to the horizontal plane and more mutually-stabilized contact configurations than packing structures away from the orifice. The requirement of load-bearing inevitably leads to the cooperativity of clogging structures with a correlation length of several particle diameters. This correlation length being comparable with the orifice diameter suggests that a clogging structure is composed of several mutually-stabilized structural motifs to span the orifice perimeter, instead of a collection of independent individual spheres to cover the whole orifice area. Accordingly, we propose a simple geometric model to explain the unexpected linear dependence of the average size of three-dimensional clogging structures on orifice diameter.
Fund: Project supported by the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation (Grant Nos. 2018M641957 and 2019T120319), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 11904102), and the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities, China.
Jing Yang(杨敬), Dianjinfeng Gong(宫殿锦丰), Xiaoxue Wang(汪晓雪), Zhichao Wang(王志超), Jianqi Li(李建奇), Bingwen Hu(胡炳文), and Chengjie Xia(夏成杰) Three-dimensional clogging structures of granular spheres near hopper orifice 2022 Chin. Phys. B 31 014501
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