Abstract This paper gives a detailed theoretical investigation on phase conjugation induced by nearly degenerate four-wave mixing in single mode vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers (VCSELs) with weak optical injection. Considering VCSELs that can work in linearly polarized or elliptically polarized states, it derives the theoretical expression of the conjugated field by small signal analysis based on the vectoral rate equations---the spin-flip model. For linearly polarized state, VCSELs show similar conjugate spectra to edge-emitting semiconductor lasers. For the elliptically polarized state, dichroism and birefringence parameters as well as the spin-flip rate can change the conjugate spectra. Especially, when frequency detuning of the probe and pump waves is between the positive and negative relaxation oscillation frequency, changes are evident. For specific values of parameters, conjugate efficiency between 20\,dB to 40dB are obtained.
Received: 27 June 2007
Revised: 14 September 2007
Accepted manuscript online:
PACS:
42.65.Hw
(Phase conjugation; photorefractive and Kerr effects)
Fund: Project supported by the
Specialized Research Fund for the Doctoral Program of Higher
Education of China (Grant No 20070613058), the Foundation for Key
Program of Ministry of Education, China (Grant No 2005105148), and
the Doctoral Innovation Fund of Sout
Cite this article:
Zhang Wei-Li(张伟利), Pan Wei(潘炜), Luo Bin(罗斌), Li Xiao-Feng(李孝峰), Zou Xi-Hua(邹喜华), and Wang Meng-Yao(王梦遥) Theoretical study on phase conjugation in weakly injected vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers 2008 Chin. Phys. B 17 1821
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